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__FREEMAN ES SOL 2
Mrs. Freeman's SOL REVIEW #2 - EARTH AND SPACE SYSTEMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ground water layers | from the surface down would include zone of aeration water table & zone of saturation |
| An Aquifer | is a layer of rock that transports groundwater freely |
| A spring | is an area where the water table reaches the land's surface |
| The Water cycle | includes the processes of evaporation condensation precipitation and runoff. |
| We have ______ high Tides and __________ Low tides each day. | 2 and 2 |
| Tides are caused by | the gravitational pull of the Earth Moon and the Sun |
| Surface currents move | warm water toward the poles and cold water toward the equator. |
| Upwelling brings | cold nutrient rich water from the bottom of the ocean to the surface. This is rich in biological activity |
| Most waves are generated by | wind |
| Sea level rises | when ice caps melt |
| Features of the seafloor that are related to plate tectonic process include | mid-ocean ridges and trenches. |
| Other major ocean topographic features | are continental shelves continental slopes abyssal plains and seamounts |
| Weather describes the | day-to-day changes in atmospheric condition |
| Climate describes the | typical weather patterns for a given location over a period of many years |
| Major factors affecting climate are | latitude elevation proximity to bodies of water and position relative to mountains |
| Areas near the Equator receive the most | direct radiation / hours of sunlight / energy from the sun |
| Clouds form | when air is at or below its dew point and condensation nuclei are present |
| A psychrometer measures | humidity in the air |
| A barometer measures | air pressure |
| High pressures: | bring cool and dry weather |
| Low pressures | bring warm and wet weather |
| Wind is created by | uneven heating that causes air pressure differences |
| The Coriolis effect causes | deflections of the atmosphere due to the rotation of the Earth |
| Convection | in the atmosphere is a major cause of weather |
| Wind blows from. | high to low pressure |
| Cold fronts move. | quickly and produce heavy rain and thunderstorms at the front |
| Warm fronts move | slow and produce miles and miles of clouds and light rain ahead of the front |
| The highest pressure | is found at sea level |
| High pressure systems move | clock-wise and outward |
| Low pressure systems move | counterclockwise and inward |
| U.S. weather is dominated by | prevailing westerlies. |
| A tornado is a | narrow violent funnel-shaped column of spiral winds that extends downward from the cloud base toward Earth |
| A hurricane is a | tropical cyclone (counterclockwise movement of air) characterized by sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) or greater |
| Solstices occur | when the sun is at its most Northern or Southern Point |
| During the summer solstice | the Sun is over the Tropic of Cancer and during the winter solstice the Sun is over the Tropic of Capricorn |
| Summer Solstice is June 21st (longest day) | when the Earth is tilted toward the Sun |
| Winter Solstice is December 21st (shortest day) | when the Earth is tilted away from the Sun |
| Equinoxes occur | when the sun is directly over the equator |
| Equinoxes occur during | Spring is March 21st and Fall is September 22nd (12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness) |
| The Earth is closer to the | sun in the winter |
| The Earth rotates | W to E (prograde rotation) once in 24 hours |
| The Earth revolves | counterclockwise around the sun once in 365.25 days |
| The Earth is the 3rd. | planet from the Sun |
| We see the Moon has phases | because of reflected sunlight and the angle at which we view it |
| Solar eclipses occur | when the Moon blocks sunlight from Earth’s surface while lunar eclipses occur when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon’s surface |
| Two types of planets-- | Inner (rocky) and Outer (gaseous) |
| Pluto is a | dwarf planet and is part of the Kupier Belt |
| Venus’ atmosphere is | mostly CO2 and very dense. |
| Comets are known | as dirty snowballs in space and originate in the Kupier Belt or Oort cloud. |
| Inner planets | Are smaller – solid – rocky – with few to no moons – smaller elliptical paths around the sun than the Jovian gas giants |
| The Gas Giants | Are large – gassy – have many moons – and massive orbits compared to the inner terrestrial planets |
| The planets in order from the Sun | My Very Earthly Mother Just Served Us Nachos Mercury – Venus – Earth – Mars - Jupiter – Saturn – Uranus – Neptune |
| Which planet is considered Earth's Twin? | Venus and Earth are almost the same size |
| ASTEROID BELT | is located between MARS and JUPITER |
| The tail of a comet is the result of | the solar wind and points away from the sun as it passes by the sun |
| A comet | Is like a dirty snowball and is made of frozen dust and gas from the Kuiper Belt |
| Asteroids are | rocky or metallic iron objects with origins between Mars and Jupiter |
| A meteoroid | debris located outside Earth’s atmosphere |
| A meteor is traveling | through Earth’s atmosphere – meteor showers. |
| A meteor is composed of | debris of broken material |
| A meteorite is | debris that has broken apart into smaller pieces before reaching Earth’s surface. |
| AU= astronomical unit | the distance between the Earth and Sun. |
| We measure planet distances in | AU's - astronomical unit |
| Apollo 11 was | the 1st manned landing on the moon. |
| Neil Armstrong was | the 1st man on the Moon. |
| Sputnik was | The first man made satellite to orbit the Earth |
| The Space Race | Was a competition between the US and the Russians for military and the power to spy on our enemies. |
| Weather moves across the US from | the west to east |
Created by:
tbfreema
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