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Evolution
Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Any process of change through time. | Evolution. |
| Any remains or traces of a once living organism. | Fossils. |
| Ways to preserve whole organisms from decay. | Trap it in amber, ice, or tar. |
| What hard parts of an organism can be preserved? | Bones, shells, and teeth. |
| The process by which the body of a dead organism is slowly replaced by dissolved materials. | Petrifaction. |
| Fossils are formed at the bottom of bodies of water in which the sediments gradually settle and cover the bodies of dead organisms. | Sedimentation. |
| What trace of dinosaurs, besides fossils, has been left behind? | Footprints. |
| What traces did worms and burrowing animals leave behind? | Tubes and tunnels. |
| The upper layer contains ____________ and _________ complex organisms. | Younger, more. |
| The lower layer contains _____________ and ____________ complex organisms. | Old, less. (Primitive) |
| Sequence of changes in the complexity and type of organisms. | 1. Unicellular 2 Simple multi cellular 3. Complex multi cellular |
| Illustrates the hypothetical evolution of organisms and their relationships to other species. | Phylogenetic trees. |
| The study of structural similarities and differences among living things. | Comparative anatomy. |
| Structures found in different types of organisms that have the same basic arrangement of parts and a similar embryonic development. | Homologous structure. |
| Examples of homologous structures. | Whale flipper and human arm. |
| Why are the whale's flipper and human's arm homologous structures? | Same pattern and number of bones. |
| Structures found in different types of organisms that are similar function or outward appearance, but are dissimilar in basic structure or embryonic development. | Analogous structures. |
| Examples of analogous structures. | Bird and insect wing. |
| Remnants of structures that were functional in some ancestral form. | Vestigial structure. |
| Examples of vestigial structures. | Tailbones, wisdom teeth, appendix. |
| Embryos of organisms believed to be closely related because they show similar patterns of development. | Comparative embryology. |
| The composition and structure of the biochemical compounds in different species can be compared. | Comparative biochemistry. |
| Examples of comparative biochemistry. | Amino acid sequence, hormones, enzymes, proteins, DNA, and blood. |
| Believed that changes in the species occurred because of a striving of organisms for improvement. | Lamark. |
| Lamark believed that evolution was based on the _________ of an organism. | Needs. |
| The more an animal uses a particular part of its body, the stronger and better it becomes, proposed by Lamark. | Law of use and disuse. |
| Lamark's assumption that a trait acquired during the lifetime of an individual can be transmitted to its offspring. | Inheritance of acquired characteristics. |
| Said acquired characteristics cannot be acquired with the mouse experiment. | Weismann. |
| Said evolution occurred because of natural selection. | Charles Darwin. |
| The idea that organisms with favorable characteristics are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms not as well adapted. | Natural selection. |
| The four steps of Charles Darwin's theory. | 1. Overproduction 2. Competition 3. Survival of the fittest 4. Evolution caused by favorable variation |
| Discovered mutations and proposed that mutations are the source of new traits that permitted evolution to occur. | DeVries. |
| How did DeVries improve Darwin's theory? | He explained how variation occurs. |
| Two populations of the same species may become separated by a geographic barrier like a body of water or a mountain range. | Geographic isolation. |
| Populations of the same species have diverged enough that they can not longer interbreed. | Reproductive isolation. |
| Examples of reproductive isolation. | Finches and squirrels. |
| Examples of evolution in organisms. | Moths, bacteria, insects. |
| Evolution occurs gradually and continuously. | Gradualism. |
| Species remains the same for a long period of time with sudden and brief intervals of change. | Punctuated equilibrium. |
| The hypothesis that the first organic compounds were formed by natural chemical processes on the primitive earth. | Heterotroph hypothesis. |
| According to the heterotroph hypothesis, what were the first types of organisms on earth like? | Hetertropic, simple, unicellular, anaerobic, prokaryotes, bacteria. |
| The original atmosphere had no _____________. | Oxygen. |
| Primitive earth was much ___________ than it is now. | Hotter. |
| Sources of heat of the primitive earth. | Lightning, solar radiation, radioactivity. |
| Sequence of life on earth. | 1. heterotrophs 2. anaerobic respiration 3. carbon dioxide 4. autotrophs 5. oxygen 6. aerobic respiration |
Created by:
emarciante9
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