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Geology Exam 1

QuestionAnswer
The quantitative expression of the precision of a measurement is what? uncertainty
Name three elements of the scientific method. Observations, tests and measurements, and hypothesis
The Hubble constant, Hsub0, has the fundamental SI units of 1/seconds
Who "invented" the first astronomical telescope? Galileo
Electromagnetic radiation with this wavelength has the highest energy at 10^-10 meters
The Doppler effect with respect to light suggests light sources moving toward the observer are blue shifted
The farther away a light source is from us the older the image is.
A light year is the distance traveled by light in one year. This means at a speed of 300,000km/s light will have traveled how many meters? (Hint: There are about 3.2 x 10^7 seconds in a year) 9.6 x 10^15
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons? matter particles
What are particles of light called? photons
What is the thermometer scale most commonly used in discussions of the universe? Kelvin
What is a standard candle? and object of known luminosity.
In the spectral classification of stars a O-type star is what color and temperature? blue, 30,000+K
The knowledge of what quantity (or quantities) is (are) required for most "rungs" of the distance ladder? luminosity
Once this quantity (or quantities) is (are) known, what law is applied to obtain the distance? Inverse square law
Kepler's second law of planetary motion states that planets in their orbit sweep out equal areas in equal time
What are WIMPS? weakly interacting massive particles
How do galactic rotation curves suggest the existence of dark matter? stars in a galaxy orbit faster than predicted by the amount of visible matter
Which scientists have been credited with the discovery of the cosmic microwave background? Pensias and Wilson
What are the most abundant elements in the universe? hydrogen and helium
What is olber's paradox? if the night sky is infinite, static and eternal, it should not be dark
Which cosmology suggests observing the component of the universe and discovers how they work together? mechanistic
What is the RATIO of the size of the nucleus to the size of the atom? 10^-5
Where is most of the atoms mass concentrated? in the nucleus
Blackbody radiation may be characterized as radiation which is NOT the result of reflection
What is temperature? a measure of the average speed of particles
Objects which emit low energy particles (radiation) are cold
Whichof the following is the strongest evidence against a theory predicting sunrise at 6:07 AM? an observation of sunrise at 6:09 (plus or minus) 1 minute
A parsec equals 3.26 LY
What energy condition is required for gravitationally bound orbits of objects in space? The total energy of the system is negative
The term "galaxy" refers to a "milky" astronomical light source composed of 100s of billions of stars
An emission spectrum exhibits bright colors emitted by certain elements
The condition for the escape from a gravitationally bound system is met at a minimum when the kinetic energy of the escaping object equals the gravitational binding energy of the system
The Hubble diagram suggests that the universe started from a singularity
A kilometer is a measure of distance
Wien's displacement law says as objects get hotter the radiation given off is brighter and of shorter wavelength
Electromagnetic radiation with this wavelength has the lowest energy 100 meters
On a large scale, the universe may be described as homogeneous and isotropic
The approximate SIZE of the nucleus of an atom is 10^-15
What does a red-shift of a light source suggest? the light source is moving away from the observer
How fast does light travel? 3x10^8 m/s
Which has the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum? violet
What are ions? atoms which has lost one or more electrons
In absence of atmospheric drag forces, objects on Earth fall at the same rate of 9.8m/sec. This is an example of Law
Kepler's first law of planetary motion states that the shape of the planetary orbits is elliptical with the Sun at one focus
A kilogram is a measure of mass
The general pattern of elemental abundances is decreasing abundance for heavier elements
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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