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Midcurriculum
SJC S3 Midcurriculum Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Velocity (formula) | v=d/t |
| Speed of light | 3 x 10^8 meters/second or 186,000 miles/second |
| Acceleration (formula) | a=v(f) - v(o) / time •v(f) = final velocity •v(o) = initial velocity |
| weight (formula) | mg X 9.8meters/second (mass in mg X acceleration of gravity on Earth) |
| work (formula) | W = Fd |
| power (formula) | P = W/time or Fd/time |
| Radiation (definition) | The transfer of energy |
| Ionizing Radiation (definition) | any type of energy that is capable of removing an orbital electron from matter it interacts with |
| Covalent Bond | Sharing of valence electrons |
| Ionic Bond | One atom gives up it's valence electron(s) to another, causing each atom to become oppositely charged, and immediately attracted to each other |
| Atomic Mass Number | Number of Nucleons |
| Atomic Mass | Neutrons + protons (mass estimate since electrons only marginally affect mass) |
| Range at which COHERENT SCATTERING can occur | <10 keV - contributes to fog (barely) |
| Range at which COMPTON SCATTERING can occur | ANY keV - contributes to fog and patient dose |
| Range at which PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT can occur | 30-150 keV - depends on Atomic #, contributes to patient dose |
| Range at which PAIR PRODUCTION can occur | >/= 1.022 MeV - does not occur in diagnostic radiography range |
| Range at which PHOTODISINTEGRATION can occur | > ~10 MeV - does not occur in diagnostic radiography range |
| Differential Absorption (definition) | Process where some of the x-ray beam is absorbed in tissue and some is transmitted through the anatomic part |
| Beam Attenuation (definition) | The reduction in intensity (energy) or number of photons of the primary beam as it passes through the patient due to absorption and scatter |
| Factors affecting Beam Attenuation | •tissue thickness •types of tissue •beam quality (kVp) •transmission |
| Spatial Resolution (definition) | the smallest object that can be detected in an image - sharp lines -line pairs/mm |
| Contrast Resolution (definition) | the ability of the IR to distinguish between levels of grey |
| Digital: Quantum ______ • Film: Quantum ______ | Digital: Quantum Noise • Film: Quantum Mottle - Not enough photons to complete the image |
| Image Artifact | Any unwanted image on a radiograph - dust on IR, foreign body, clothing, scatter/fog |
| Dynamic range is more limited in _______ (film or digital)? | Film - more sensitive to repeats due to exposure |
| Factors affecting Radiographic Quality | •VISIBILITY (of anatomic structures): contrast and brightness •SHARPNESS (accuracy of structural lines): spatial resolution and distortion |
| X-ray interactions in the tube | Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic |
| Scatter control methods | 1. optimum kVp 2. field size control 3. scatter absorbing grids 4. air-gap technique |
| Factors that determine Quantity of scatter | 1. kVp 2. field size 3. patient thickness |
| Types of Grid Designs/Patterns | 1. Linear 2. cross-hatched 3. focused |
| Grid Radius of a Focused Grid | Distance from the face of the grid to the point of conversion of the lead strips (determines focal distance range) |
| Grid Frequency of a Focused Grid | number of lead strips per centimeter, 25-80/cm or 63-200/inch |
| Contrast Improvement Factor (k) of a Focused Grid | k = Contrast with grid / contrast without grid |
| Selectivity of a Focused Grid | the ratio of primary to transmitted scattered radiation. "ability to clean up" - more scatter removal = greater selectivity |
| Focal Range of a Focused Grid | Recommended SID range to use with a focused grid. commonly 36-42 or 66-74" |
Created by:
paigeduh
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