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Earth Science Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About 97 percent of the water is _______? | salt water |
| A _____ is the area of land that is drained by a river system,stream,river or floodplain | watershed |
| ______ is a measure of the cloudiness of water caused by suspended solids | turbidity |
| Transpiration is when ____ gives off water vapor into the air | plant |
| The sediments carried by a stream are referred to as the stream's _____? | load |
| The slope of a stream is called its _____? | gradient |
| What is the maximum load a stream can carry called? | its capacity |
| When do streams and rivers deposit their sediment? | when their velocity decreases |
| What is the name of a layer of sediment/rock that does not let water pass through? | aquiclude |
| What is an underground formation that contains groundwater? | aquifer |
| A measure of how easily liquids pass and gasses pass through a soil or rock is______ | permeability |
| Where is ground water located? | zone of saturation |
| Which rock would form the best aquifer? | sandstone with high porosity and high permeability |
| What is tidal range? | the difference between high and low tide |
| Micro-organisms in the ocean that produce half the world's oxygen are _____? | phytoplankton |
| The rising of deep cold currents to the ocean surface is called ____? | upwelling |
| The very large array is a _____ telescope that gathers low frequency EMR | radio |
| The (non tectonic) mountains on the moon's surface are called_____? | highlands |
| What phase of the Moon follows after the waxing gibbous? | full moon |
| Who was the first human to set foot on the Moon? | Armstrong |
| The moon exerts a greater influence on tides than the sun because the moon_____? | is closer to the earth than the sun |
| How many rotations on its axis does the moon make during 1 orbit of the earth? | 1 |
| The _____ theory hypothesizes that the moon formed when theia crashed into earth. | Giant impact |
| The moon makes exactly one complete (360) orbit around earth in a _______ month | sidereal |
| Why do the sun and moon appear to be the same size? | the sun is further away from the earth than the moon is |
| Earth's axis tilts with respect to Earth's orbit at an angle of ______ causing seasons. | 23.5 |
| The moon's orbit is an eclipse, not a circle,. It is nearest Earth at a point called the. | perigee |
| Largest high tides that occur during full moon phases are called______ tides | spring |
| During what year did the first person land on the moon? | 1969 |
| What is the order during a solar eclipse? | Sun, Moon, Earth |
| The first person to use a telescope for astronomy was_____? | Galilei |
| The moon goes through one complete cycle of phases(New to New) every_____? | 29.5 days |
| Where is the sun directly(90) overhead on the summer solstice for the U.S.? | Tropic of Cancer |
| The moon shines by reflecting sunlight. It's reflectivity(7%) is referred to as______? | albedo |
| The force of gravity on the moon is about_______ the force of gravity on earth. | one sixth |
| When the moon is in Earth's umbra a ______ eclipse occurs | total lunar |
| The vernal equinox is closest to which date? | March 21 |
| During what year is the next total solar eclipse in NC? | 2017 |
| What quantity is measured in milliliters? | volume |
| How close a measurement is to the actual, exact value is referred to as_____? | accuracy |
| Which component of the scientific method involves the gathering of facts? | observing |
| A broad explanation for the cause of a mathematical pattern in nature is a ____? | theory |
| A testable, possible solution to a scientific problem(based on observation) is an _______? | hypothesis |
| In solving a problem by the scientific method, the best first step is_____? | Define the problem by asking a question |
| Which branch of Earth science studies weather and other atmospheric phenomena? | meteorology |
| A description of a pattern in nature, often in math form, is a scientific______? | law |
| Hannah wants to learn more about the feeding habits of ants. In what order should the steps occur that Hannah takes in order to best study the patterns of ants? | form hypothesis, conduct an experiment, record data, make a conclusion |
| A measure of the amount of matter in an object is called_______? | mass |
| Which of the following is NOT a part of a well-designed experiment? | many variables manipulated |
| Which is the abbreviation for the prefix meaning "one thousandth" (0.001)? | m |
| The SI system is considered to be a better choice for science (class) measurement than the english system for several reasons. Which of these is NOT correct? | The SI system makes it more difficult to convert units than the English system. |
| The two things must all measurements have in order to be clear(and get full credit)? | number and unit value |
| On which temp scale is the boiling point of water 100? | Celcius |
| The curved surface of water in a glass graduated cylinder is called_____? | meniscus |
| Which of the following units is largest? | 1kg |
| Which is the abbreviation for the prefix meaning "one hundredth"(0.01) | c |
| Most actual volcanoes are found along or near______ subduction boundaries | convergent |
| Which rock bes represents the composition of Earth's oceanic crust? | basalt |
| The point on the earth's surface directly above the location at which an earthquake begins is known as the ______? | epicenter |
| Which layer(zone) of earth is made of liquid iron and nickel | outer core |
| What is the most likely to be found around an oceanic trench? | folded mountains |
| An ______ outlines crust formed at the same time on either side of a mid-ocean ridge. | isochron |
| A volcano that is formed partly by explosive eruptions of ash and rock fragments and partly by fluid lava flows is usually a potentially explosive________ volcano | composite/strato- |
| A very large bowl-shaped crater, often a mile or more across,formed by the collapse of an underground (emptied) magma chamber, is called a ________? | caldera |
| Creation of new ocean crust by upwelling of magma occurs at_____? | mid-ocean ridges |
| The bulk of the hawaiian islands are large, gently sloping ___________ volcanoes with round bases. | shield |
| Where would you find long fissures that produce pillow lavas? About 2/3 of all extrusive volcanism occurs in these regions. | mid-ocean ridges |
| What stratovolcano erupted in 1980, causing great destruction in Washington state? | Mt. Saint Helens |
| Generally, how does the age of continental crust compare to oceanic crust? | older than oceanic |
| The ring of fire refers to volcanoes surrounding the _________ ocean | Pacific |
| Which of these is not a main reason why the earth's interior is hot? | heat from the sun absorbed into earth's interior |
| The deadliest aspect of a volcanic eruption(speeds up to 450 mph) is a _________ flow | pyroclastic |
| What popular scale rates earthquakes by the amplitude of their largest waves? | the Richter scale |
| Seismic earthquake waves originate(start) and move outward from the ______? | focus |
| Which feature forms along a continental-continental convergent boundary? | folded mountains |
| Denser tectonic plates sink back into mantle and are melted/recycled during? | subduction |
| Earthquake waves arrive at seismic stations in what order? | P-waves,then S-waves. then surface waves |
| Which is NOT a correct statement about earthquake's registering 5.0 and 6.0 on the Richter scale? | The seismic waves of the 6.0 earthquake move faster, arriving sooner |
| Which is NOT a method for making buildings more earthquake resistant? | building with stone and brick |
| ___________ is the name of the single continent that broke up about 200 million years ago. | Pangea |
| What process created deep-sea trenches? | subduction |
| A ___ projection has parallel lines of latitude and longitude, but distorts at poles. | Mercator |
| On a topographic map, toward which do the hachures on some contour lines? | lower elevations |
| Zero longitude is also known as the ____? | Prime meridean |
| The difference in elevation between contour lines on a topographic map is the ____? | contour interval |
| Darker lines with numbers are called ________ intervals. | index |
| Which requires information from 3 satellites to find location on earth's surface? | GPS |
| Total relief on a topographic map is defined as________? | the difference between the highest and lowest point shown |
| On the opposite side of the Prime Meridian is _________? | The international date line |
| What is another name for lines of longitude? | meridians |
| What continent is the smallest? | Australlia |
| What is the largest and deepest ocean? | Pacific |
| What ocean lies off the east coast of North Carolina? | Atlantic |
| A _______ is a distinct layer within a cross section of Earth's soil surface | horizon |
| Which agent of erosion is responsible for U-shaped valleys like those in Yosemite? | glaciers |
| What is not a primary contributor to rate of weathering of rock and formation of soil? | wind direction |
| Which two soil horizons are collectively referred to as topsoil? | OandA |
| Frost(or ice) wedging primarily relies on which processes? | freezing and thawing |
| In which soil horizon is humus and microscopic life most concentrates? | O |
| Which is not considered a factor in the process of sol formation? | human construction projects |
| Which is the primary(more important) factor affecting rate? | climate |
| Which of the following is a type/cause of chemical weathering? | oxygen/oxidation |
| What sediment is in the top layer which settles last? | clay |
| Which of these is the pH closest to that of normal rain in the environment? | 5.5 |
| Which type of rock is most chemically weathered y the pH of normal rainfall? | limestone |
| Which mass movement causes vertical objects(poles,trees) to slowly lean downhill? | creep |
| Acid precipitation is more acidic than normal. It forms as the result of moisture interacting with oxides produced by the _________? | burning of fossil fuels |
| Which of these is NOT an evidence of glacier erosion? | loess sediments |
| Order of the breakdown of rocks? | weathering, erosion, depostion |
| In which region is chemical weathering most rapid? | warm, moist |
| Soil is a mixture of ______? | decayed organic matter and oxygen |
| An igneous rock that forms by fast cooling has ______? | fine grains |
| Which term describes igneous rocks that crystallize inside Earth? | intrusive |
| Which process is not involved in the lithification of clastic sedimentary rock? | precipitation |
| Limestone from shell/skeletal fragments of marine animals is______ sedimentary rock. | biochemical |
| Which best describes graded bedding layers in sedimentary rocks? | fine to coarse |
| The most important component of rocks in Earth's crust is silica. What is the chemical formula and mineral name of silica? | SIO2, quartz |
| When clastic sediments carried by water finally settle to the bottom, this is _______? | deposition |
| Which agent of erosion can usually only move small particles? | wind |
| Heat and pressure are the agents of which process? | metamorphism |
| By what process are rock materials removed and transported to another location? | erosion |
| A metamorphic rock with a foliated texture has minerals grains that are? | flattened and lined up perpendicular to pressure applied |
| Mountain building where tectonic plates collide can result in which of these? | regional metamorphism |
| A model which suggested that the sun was at the center of the universe and everything revolved around it is called a _______model. | heliocentric |
| Who first published a heliocentric model of the universe/solar system(on his death bed)? | Copernicus |
| Which of these instruments can an astronomer use to see objects from far away? | telescope |
| The path an object takes as it revolves around another object in space is called an_______? | orbit |
| According to Kepler's 1st law, the orbits of planets have an ______ shape? | elliptical |
| According to Kepler's 2nd law, a line drawn from a planet to the sun sweeps out equal _______ in equal amount of time. | areas |
| According to Kepler's 3rd law, the ratio of the squares of the periods for two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances. The period of a planet is the time for one ________? | orbit of the sun |
| What is the point on its orbit where a planet is farthest from the Sun and moves slowest? | aphelion |
| Earth is kept in orbit around the sun by________? | the sun's gravity |
| The strength of gravity depends on what two factors? | mass and distance |
| The asteroid belt located in space between _______ and _______. | Mars and Jupiter |
| Which does not correctly complete this phrase: In our solar system, all planets____________? | move at the same orbital speed |
| Which planet has the most volcanoes and is closest to earth's size? | Venus |
| Which planet has two moons and is the best candidate for extraterrestrial life? | Mars |
| How many planets are classified as terrestrial? gas giants(or Jovian)? | T:4 G:4 |
| How many electrons can fit in the first energy level? | 2 |
| The vertical rows on the periodic table are called ________? | groups |
| Which is not a characteristic of minerals? | organic contains carbon was once living |
| Which mineral formation method involves evaporation of water, leaving once-dissolved matter deposited as minerals(often in caves)? | precipitation |
| Which mineral group is the largest (over 60% of earth's crust)? | silicates |
| What mineral group is the second largest and contains minerals like calcite? | carbonates |
| What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale? It is rated 10. | diamond |
| If a mineral breaks along flat or even surfaces, it has _______? | cleavage |
| Relative dating of geologic time is based on the concept that earth's past processes are similar to those of today.This principle is called______? | uniformitarianism |
| Calculating the age of rock ny measuring the amounts of parent and daughter isotopes present and knowing half-life of the parent isotope is _____? | radiometric dating |
| What radioisotope is most useful for measuring the age of remains of plants or animals that died within the last 50,000 years? | carbon-14 |
| Which dating method gives only a relative age for geologic time? | rock layer sequences |
| A fossilized dinosaur print is an example of an ________ fossil | cast |
| The principle of Inclusion explains why the use of radioisotopes and half-lives for determining age is not valid for________ rocks | sedimentary |
| The largest division of geologic time is an _____? | eon |
Created by:
Gcrumpler
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