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MHMS Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | a force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions. |
| Fault | A crack in one of Earth’s plates that results when enough force is applied to break the rock of Earth’s crust. |
| Focus | the point where part of the crust breaks loose and moves suddenly, causing an earthquake. |
| Epicenter | the point on the surface of Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake; often where the most damage from an earthquake occurs. |
| Seismic Waves | Waves produced by earthquakes. There are two types, body waves and surface waves. |
| Body waves | seismic waves that travel through Earth. Two types. |
| P (primary) waves | longitudinal seismic waves that can travel through solids, liquids, or gases and are the fastest type of seismic waves |
| S (secondary) waves | transverse seismic waves that can travel only through solids and are slower than P waves. |
| Longitudinal wave | a type of wave that travels through Earth in a push-pull pattern. |
| Transverse wave | back-and-forth motions that carry energy from one place to another. |
| Surface waves | seismic waves that travel along the surface of Earth |
| Seismograph | instrument used to detect and measure seismic waves. |
| Seismogram | the line recorded on paper by a seismograph, representing ground motion. |
| Magnitude | a measure of the strength of an earthquake or the energy released during an earthquake. The stronger the vibrations of an earthquake, the more it moves the seismograph. Higher waves=greater amounts of energy released |
| Richter Scale | a numerical scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. |
| Intensity | the amount of damage caused by an earthquake. |
| Vent | A pipe like channel through which magma travels from a magma chamber to the Earth’s surface |
| Magma Chamber | A pocket or reservoir, where magma collects beneath Earth’s surface |
| Volcanic eruption | the release of material, including gasses, ash, particles and lava, from under Earth’s crust to it’s surface |
| Plate Tectonics | The theory that Earth’s crust is divided into a number of plates, and the study of how the plates move and interact with each other. |
| Divergent Boundary | A boundary where two plates are moving away from each other. |
| Convergent Boundary | A boundary where two plates are moving towards each other |
| Transform Boundary | A boundary where two plates are moving sideways along each other’s edge. |
| Subduction | When the edge of one plate moves under another plate at a convergent boundary |
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bonniehodder
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