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Cell Division
Keystone Anchor BIO.B.1 Cell Growth and Reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell cycle | life cycle of the cell; G1, S. G2 (DNA replication occurs in the S phase) |
| allele | an alternate form of a gene |
| crossing over | An exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis; contributes to the genetic variability in gametes and ultimately in offspring |
| gamete | A specialized cell (egg or sperm) used in sexual reproduction containing half the normal number of chromosomes of a somatic cell |
| meiosis | A two‐phase nuclear division that results in the eventual production of gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes |
| mitosis | A nuclear division resulting in the production of two somatic cells having the same genetic complement as the original cell |
| DNA replication | The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself |
| chromosome | A thread-like, gene carrying structure found in the nucleus; Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins |
| cytokinesis | final phase of the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides in two |
| prophase | nuclear membrane breaks down; DNA molecules coil up, making chromosomes condense |
| metaphase | centrioles produce spindles which attach to the centromeres; chromatids line up along the middle |
| anaphase | spindle fibers pull chromatids away from the center to opposites poles of the cell |
| telophase | new nuclear membranes form around the newly separated chromosomes |
| propphase I | nuclear membrane breaks down; homologous chromosomes pair up; crossing over occurs |
| metaphase I | spindles attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids; sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell |
| anaphase I | pairs of homologous chromosomes are pulled away to opposite poles of the cell (sister chromatids remain attached, unlike mitosis) |
| telophase I | two cells form |
| prophase II | chromosomes condense again; new spindles form |
| metaphase II | spindles attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids; chromatids line up along the middle of the cell |
| anaphase II | sister chromatids are pulled away from the center to opposite poles of the cell |
| telophase II | nuclear membranes form; now have 4 genetically different, haploid (half the number of chromosomes) cells |
| haploid | half the number of chromosomes |
| diploid | full set of chromosomes |
Created by:
kmaddix
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