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Spinal cord extends from ____ to _____
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Conus medullaris
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Ch. 14 - Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

QuestionAnswer
Spinal cord extends from ____ to _____ From foramen magnum, through vertebral canal, to L1
Conus medullaris Tapering inferior end of spinal cord at L1
Which 2 areas of the spinal cord are wider? Cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement. Larger because they contain more neurons
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? 31 pairs
Cauda equina Spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris (L2-L5, S1-S5, Co1)
Filum terminale Thin strand of pia mater (CT) attaching conus medullaris to coccyx
5 layers of spinal cord meninges (from innermost to outermost) Pia mater - adheres to spinal cord. Arachnoid mater - weblike layer. Subarachnoid space - CSF flows through. Subdural space - between dura and arachnoid. Epidural space - between dura and vertebra, contains adipose & areolar CT, & blood vessels
4 sections of central gray matter in spinal cord Anterior horns, lateral horns (both house motor nuclei), posterior horns (house sensory nuclei), gray commissure (surrounds central canal)
3 regions of white matter in spinal cord Posterior funiculus (sensory tracts), lateral funiculus (sensory & motor tracts), anterior funiculus (sensory & motor tracts)
Sensory tracts are ______, whereas motor tracts are _______ Sensory tracts - ascending (toward brain). Motor tracts - descending (toward effectors)
Location of axons vs. location of cell bodies in spinal cord conduction pathways Axons - located in spinal cord tracts. Cell bodies - located in ganglia, gray horns, & brain gray matter
Spinal nerves are formed by 2 roots: Anterior root - axons of motor neurons whose somas are in anterior/lateral horns. Posterior root - axons of sensory neurons whose somas are in posterior root ganglion
Posterior ramus Innervates muscles & skin of back
Anterior ramus Splits into more branches; innervates anterior/lateral trunk, upper & lower limbs
Rami communicantes Extend between spinal nerve and sympathetic trunk ganglion
Dermatome Specific segment of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
Intercostal nerves Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves; located between ribs
Cervical plexus Anterior rami of C1-C4. Innervates head, neck, shoulders
Phrenic nerve is created by Anterior rami of C3-C5
Brachial plexus Anterior rami of C5-T1. Anterior and posterior divisions combine to form cords (lateral, medial, and posterior cords)
Terminal branches 5 major branches are formed by the 3 brachial plexus cords: axillary, median, musculocutaneous, radial, & ulnar nerves
Lumbar plexus Anterior rami of L1-L4. Divided into anterior and posterior divisions
The femoral nerve is the main nerve of the Posterior division of lumbar plexus
The obturator nerve in the main nerve of the Anterior division of lumbar plexus
Sacral plexus Anterior rami of L4-S4. Has anterior and posterior divisions
What is the largest & longest nerve in the body? Sciatic nerve
The tibial nerve is formed from the Anterior sciatic nerve
The common fibular nerve is formed from the Posterior sciatic nerve
Stretch reflex Muscle reflexively contracting in response to stretching of a muscle
Golgi tendon reflex Polysynaptic reflex that results in muscle lengthening & relaxation in response to increased tension at Golgi tendon organ
Withdrawal reflex Muscles contract to withdraw a body part away from a painful stimulus
Cross-extensor reflex Occurs in conjunction with withdrawal reflex
Fasciculi (aka tract) Structural unit of a funiculus; composed of axon arrangements
Created by: catfreak711
 

 



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