A&P Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Spinal cord extends from ____ to _____ | From foramen magnum, through vertebral canal, to L1 |
| Conus medullaris | Tapering inferior end of spinal cord at L1 |
| Which 2 areas of the spinal cord are wider? | Cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement. Larger because they contain more neurons |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 pairs |
| Cauda equina | Spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris (L2-L5, S1-S5, Co1) |
| Filum terminale | Thin strand of pia mater (CT) attaching conus medullaris to coccyx |
| 5 layers of spinal cord meninges (from innermost to outermost) | Pia mater - adheres to spinal cord. Arachnoid mater - weblike layer. Subarachnoid space - CSF flows through. Subdural space - between dura and arachnoid. Epidural space - between dura and vertebra, contains adipose & areolar CT, & blood vessels |
| 4 sections of central gray matter in spinal cord | Anterior horns, lateral horns (both house motor nuclei), posterior horns (house sensory nuclei), gray commissure (surrounds central canal) |
| 3 regions of white matter in spinal cord | Posterior funiculus (sensory tracts), lateral funiculus (sensory & motor tracts), anterior funiculus (sensory & motor tracts) |
| Sensory tracts are ______, whereas motor tracts are _______ | Sensory tracts - ascending (toward brain). Motor tracts - descending (toward effectors) |
| Location of axons vs. location of cell bodies in spinal cord conduction pathways | Axons - located in spinal cord tracts. Cell bodies - located in ganglia, gray horns, & brain gray matter |
| Spinal nerves are formed by 2 roots: | Anterior root - axons of motor neurons whose somas are in anterior/lateral horns. Posterior root - axons of sensory neurons whose somas are in posterior root ganglion |
| Posterior ramus | Innervates muscles & skin of back |
| Anterior ramus | Splits into more branches; innervates anterior/lateral trunk, upper & lower limbs |
| Rami communicantes | Extend between spinal nerve and sympathetic trunk ganglion |
| Dermatome | Specific segment of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve |
| Intercostal nerves | Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves; located between ribs |
| Cervical plexus | Anterior rami of C1-C4. Innervates head, neck, shoulders |
| Phrenic nerve is created by | Anterior rami of C3-C5 |
| Brachial plexus | Anterior rami of C5-T1. Anterior and posterior divisions combine to form cords (lateral, medial, and posterior cords) |
| Terminal branches | 5 major branches are formed by the 3 brachial plexus cords: axillary, median, musculocutaneous, radial, & ulnar nerves |
| Lumbar plexus | Anterior rami of L1-L4. Divided into anterior and posterior divisions |
| The femoral nerve is the main nerve of the | Posterior division of lumbar plexus |
| The obturator nerve in the main nerve of the | Anterior division of lumbar plexus |
| Sacral plexus | Anterior rami of L4-S4. Has anterior and posterior divisions |
| What is the largest & longest nerve in the body? | Sciatic nerve |
| The tibial nerve is formed from the | Anterior sciatic nerve |
| The common fibular nerve is formed from the | Posterior sciatic nerve |
| Stretch reflex | Muscle reflexively contracting in response to stretching of a muscle |
| Golgi tendon reflex | Polysynaptic reflex that results in muscle lengthening & relaxation in response to increased tension at Golgi tendon organ |
| Withdrawal reflex | Muscles contract to withdraw a body part away from a painful stimulus |
| Cross-extensor reflex | Occurs in conjunction with withdrawal reflex |
| Fasciculi (aka tract) | Structural unit of a funiculus; composed of axon arrangements |
Created by:
catfreak711