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AnatomyII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into what two divisions? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems |
| The ANS is important in what two situations? | Fight and flight/Rest and digest. |
| Does the ANS directly effect the skeletal muscle contractions? | No. |
| What does the efferent division refer to. | Coming out of/away from the CNS. |
| Lesser known division of the ANS. | Enteric division. |
| What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous system? | Autonomic and Somatic. |
| Somatic Nervous System | Synapses directly with skeletal muscles. Under conscious control |
| Some effects of the sympathetic NS on the body | bp goes up hrt rate goes up digestion slows, routes blood to muscles, kidney filtration slows, breathing deepens. |
| Sympathetic branch path starting from spinal cord= | preganglion, (synapses with ach) to ganglion, post ganglion (synapses with epenepherin) to target organ. |
| Where does the sympathetic branch stem from? | Thorasic and lumbar region |
| Where does the parasympathetic stem branch from? | Sacral and cranial region |
| Which system triggers rest and digest? | Parasympathetic NS |
| Have opposite effects on target organs in most cases | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS |
| The Adrenal medulla is made up of what kind of cells? | Chromaffin cells- these are a type of medullary cell |
| How to epinephrine and norepinepherine effect the respiratory track | Dilate the bronchial= heavy breathing pathway provided |
| What main system carries Epeneph. and Norepineph? | Circulatory system |
| Characteristics of Enteric system | Meshwork of nerve fibers extensive in digestive tract walls. 100 million neurons, all neurotransmitters found in the brain. |
| Charge of Nerve at rest | negative |
| A vesical contains? | Neurotransmitters |
| Exocytosis- | The bulk movement of molecules from inside to outside of cell. |
| Where is fight or flight activated in the brain? | Hypothalamus |
| Sympathetic activation | Everything "goes off" together- hight alert, breathing up and increased mobilization of energy reserves. |
| Which sympathetic receptors does norapinepherine effect/seek out more? | Alpha because it has more binding sites |
| Ganglion location in sympathetic NS is located closer to.. | The Central Nervous system. |
| Ganglion location in parasympathetic NS is located closer to... | the target organs |
| Beta I increases... | metabolic activity |
| Expended areas of axon that store vesicals/neurotransmitters are called | Varicusities |
| This organelle has primary role of storing calcium | Endoplasmic/Carcoplasmic reticulum |
| If cytoplasm calcium levels are high, the muscle cell will continue to... | contract |
| Autonomic tone | Neurons maintain background levels of activity |
| At what point does olfactory reception occur? | when dissolved chemicals bind to odorant-binding proteins |
| Layer of olfactory with veins and blood vessels | Lamina Propria |
| Layer of olfactory with receptor cells | Olfactory Epithelium |
| What is the path of the axon in olfaction sense? | Axon penetrates the cribaform plate (part of the ethmoid bone) to reach olfactory bulb. |
| What decreases in olfaction with age? | The turnover rate of cells. |
| Filliform Papillae | provide friction and do not contain taste buds |
| fungiform papillae | contain 5 taste budes each with 100's of cells in each bud. |
| Circumvallate papillae | contain 100 taste buds each |
| Basil (stem) cells give rise to... | gustatory cells |
| what are the primary tastes | salty, sour, bitter, sweet. |
| What taste receptor is sensitive to beef/chicken broths and Parmesan cheese? | Umami receptors |
| Gustitory cells have what projecting through taste pore? | taste hairs |
| Part of outer fibrous tunic of eye | Cornea and sclera |
| White of the eye is the | sclera |
| Coroid is part of what | the vascular tunic |
| cones are sensitve to | color |
| rods are sensitve to | light |
| What is densely clustered in the foeva | cones |
| Rods and cones are both types of | photoreceptors |
| The iris changes the diameter of the | pupil |
| The imaginary line from the center of an object through center of lens and strikes the fovea | Visual axis |
| the optic disc contains no | photoreceptors |
| Viterious humor is contained in what cavity | posterior |
| This structure makes aqueus humor | sclera venus sinus/ canal of Schlemm |
| External Ear structures | Auricle, External acoustic canal, and tympanic membrane |
| Structure permits equalization of pressures on tympanic membrane | auditory tube |
| The break down of glucose | Glycolysis |
| Substrait level phosperilization occurs in | glycolosis and Krebs cycle |
| How many ATP are made in glycolsis | 4 |
| NAD carries electrons and hydrogen to | Electron transport chain~occurs along the cristae |
| Role of oxygen in electron transport chain | pulls electrons down the hill. has an affinity for hydrogen and the hills are H+ |
| Main enzyme in electron transport chain | Atp synthase |
| The krebs cycle | occurs in matrix of cell and produces carbon dioxide. |
| ATP per one molicule of glucose | 34-36 total ATP in krebs cycle=6 |
Created by:
lindsayhk
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