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Rocks and Weathering
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Uniformitarianism | The geological principle that the same processes that operate today operated in the past to change the Earth's surface |
| Erosion | The process of wearing down and carrying away rocks. |
| Weathering | Is the process that breaks down rocks and other substances |
| Mechanical weathering | A type of weathering where rock is physically broken |
| chemical weathering | Is the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
| Abrasion | Wearing away rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, and gravity |
| Frost wedging | Water freezes in rocks and expands then forces rocks apart |
| Oxidation | Iron combines with oxygen in the presents of water causing rust |
| permeable | A material that is full of tiny connected air spaces that allows water to seep through it |
| soil | The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow |
| bedrock | Is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
| humus | Is a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay |
| fertility | Is a measure of how well the soil supports plant growth |
| loam | is the best soil for growing most plants |
| pH scale | measures acidity |
| soil horizon | Is a layer of soil that differs in color, texture, and composition from the layers above or below it |
| topsoil | A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humans, clay, and other materials |
| subsoil | Usually consist of clay and other particles of rock, but little humus |
| decomposer | Are the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chmeicals |
| natural resource | Is anything in the environment that humans can use |
| soil conservation | Is the management of soil to limit it's destruction |
| crop rotation | a farmer plants different crops in a field all year |
| contour plowing | farmers plow their fields along the curves of a slope instead of in straight rows |
| conservation plowing | dead weeds and stalks of previous years crop are plowed into the ground to help return soil nurients , retain, moisture, and hold soil in place |
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amr200981087
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