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Cellular Respiration
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is substrate level phosphorylation? | Transferring a phosphate to an ADP, directly from another molecule |
What is oxidative phosphorylation? | The production of ATP, is driven by a proton gradient |
Where does glycolysis occur? | Cytoplasm |
Glucose + ATP -> _____ + ADP + H(+) | Glucose - 6 - phosphate |
What enzyme is used to convert glucose to glucose -6 - phosphate? | Hexokinase |
What is so significant about G-6-P? | Charged molecule which is prevented from leaving the cell |
Glucose - 6 - phosphate -> _____ | Fructose -6 -phosphate |
What enzyme catalyses G-6-P to F-6-P? | Phosphoglucose isomerase |
Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP -> _______ +ADP + H(+) | Fructose 1,6-bisphophate |
What enzyme catalyses the conversion of F-6-P to F-1,6-bP? | Phosphofructokinase |
Fructose -1,6- bisphosphate <-> Glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate + _____ | Dihydroxyacetone phosphate |
Dihydroxyacetone <-> _____ | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ + Pi <-> ____ + NADH + H+ | 1,3-bisphosphateglycerate |
1,3-bisphosphateglycerate + ADP <-> ______ + ATP | 3-phosphateglycerate |
3-phosphoglycerate <-> _____ | 2-phosphoglycerate |
2-phosphoglycerate <-> ____+ H2O | Phosphoenolpyruvate |
Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ -> ___ + ATP | Pyruvate |
What are the products of glycolysis? | 2x Pyruvate 2x ATP (net) 2x NADH |
What are the three fates of pyruvate? | Lactate Ethanol CO2 and water in oxidative phosphorylation |
What inhibits hexokinase? | Glucose - 6- phosphate |
What activates phosphofructokinase? | AMP, ADP & fructose 1,6 - bisphosphate |
What inhibits phosphofructokinase? | ATP & Citrate |
What activates pyruvate kinase? | Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate |
What inhibits pyruvate kinase? | ATP & acetyl CoA |
Where does the TCA cycle & link reaction occur? | Matrix of the mitochondria |
What happens when pyruvate is added to coA to produce acetyl co-enzyme A ? | CO2 is lost, and NADH is produced |
Oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA -> ____ | Citrate |
Citrate <-> ____ | Isocitrate |
Isocitrate <-> _____ | Alpha ketoglutarate |
When isocitrate is converted to alpha ketoglutarate, what molecules are produced? | CO2 & NADH |
Alpha ketoglutarate -> ____ | Succinyl CoA |
When alpha ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl CoA, what is produced? | CO2 and NADH |
Succinyl CoA -> _____ + CoA | Succinate |
What is produced when Succinyl CoA is converted to succinate? | ATP/GTP |
Succinate <-> _____ | Fumurate |
What is produced when succinate is converted to fumurate? | FADH2 |
Fumurate <-> ____ | Malate |
Malate <-> ______ | Oxaloacetate |
When malate is converted to oxaloacetate, what is produced? | NADH |
What inhibits citrate synthase? | ATP |
What inhibits alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex? | ATP and succinyl CoA |
What stimulates isocitrate dehydrogenase? | NAD+, ATP, Mg2+ |
What inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase? | ATP, NADH |
Where does the electron transport chain occur? | Inner mitochondrial membrane |
What is special about succinate dehydrogenase in terms of where it is? | It is found in complex II |