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Earth Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geosphere | Mostly solid, rocky part of the earth |
| Hydrosphere | Part of earth that is liquid water |
| Crysophere | Made up of all the frozen water on Earth |
| Atmosphere | Made up of invisible gases |
| Biosphere | Living things and the areas of earth where they are found |
| Soil | A loose mixture of rock fragments, organic matter, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation |
| Soil profile | A vertical section of soil that shows all the different layers |
| Soil Horizon | Each layer in the soil profile that has different physical properties |
| A horizon | Topmost layer, contains the most humas |
| B Horizon | Under the A layer, and has less humas |
| C Horizon | Below the B layer and directly above the parent rock |
| Leaching | Water caries material from the A to the B horizon |
| Soil Fertiling | How well a soil can support plant growth |
| Weathering | The breakdown of rock material by physical and chemical processes |
| Physical Weathering | The process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces by physical changes |
| Chemical Weathering | The breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions |
| Abrasion | The breakdown and wearing away of rock material by the mechanical action of other rocks |
| Oxidation | The process by which chemicals in rock combine with oxygen in the air or in water |
| Acid Precipitation | Occurs when strong acids fall to earth as rain, sleet, or snow |
| Erosion | The process by which sediment and other materials are moved from one place to another |
| Deposition | The process by which eroded material is dropped |
| Gradient | The measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance |
| Load | Refers to the materials carried by a stream |
| Discharge | Refers to the amount of water that a stream carries in a given amount of time |
| Floodplain | Is a flat area formed from many layers of deposited sediment |
| Delta | Is a fan-shaped pattern of pattern of deposited sediment load |
| Alluvial Fan | a fan-shaped deposit the forms on dry land |
| Groundwater | The water located within the rocks below Earth's surface |
| Shoreline | Is the place where land and a body of water meet |
| Longshore currents | Currents that travel almost parallel to the shoreline very near shore |
| Sea Cliff | Forms when waves erode and undercut rock to make steep slope |
| Beach | Is an area of shoreline that is made up of material deposited by waves and currents |
| Sandbar | An underwater or exposed ridge of sand, gravel, or shell material |
| Barrier Island | A long, narrow island, usually made of sand, that forms parallel to the shoreline a short distance offshore. |
| Deflation | The removal of fine sediment by wind |
| Dunes | Mounds of wind-deposited sand, common in deserts and along shores of lakes and oceans |
| Loess | Consists of thick deposits of windblown, fine-grained sediment |
| Glacier | A large mass of moving ice that forms by the compacting of snow by natural forces |
| Glacial Drift | The general for all materials carried and deposited by a glacier |
| Creep | The extremely slow movement of material downslope |
| Rockfall | Happens when loose rocks fall down a steep slope |
| Landslide | The sudden and rapid movement of a large amount of material downslope |
| Mudflow | The rapid movement of a large mass of mud |
Created by:
reaganalyssa12
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