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biology vocab 3
biology vocab chapter 3. (bri)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles. | acetylcholine |
| movement of a particle through a membrane against a concentration gradient with the use of energy from ATP. | active transport |
| membrane protein of a cell that distinguishes it from other cells and foreign matter. | cell surface marker |
| protein within a cell's plasma membrane. | cell surface protein |
| cell surface proteins that loop back and forth through membrane bilayer. | channel protein |
| description of a channel that opens and closes due to the binding of a chemical. | chemically gated |
| process by which cells plump protons across a plasma membrane and use the resulting proton gradient to produce ATP. | chemiosmosis |
| form of a channel that carries into the cell sodium ions that accumulate outside the cell, as with nerve cells. | coupled channel |
| movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | diffusion |
| process by which extracellular matter is taken up by a cell. | endocytosis |
| state in a chemical reaction when the rates of the foreward and reverse reactions are equal. | equalibrium |
| releasing materials outside a cell by discharge from waste vacuoles. | exocytosis |
| transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier molecules. | facilitated diffusion |
| a channel that opens and closes like a gate in a fence. | gated channel |
| chemical produced in one part of an organism and then transported to another part of the organism, where it causes a response. | hormone |
| describes a solution with a higher concentration of solute molecules than the solution across a selectively permeable membrane. | hypertonic |
| describes a solution with a lower concentration of solute molecules than the solution across a selectively permeable membrane. | hypotonic |
| describes solutions with equal solute concentrations on either side of a selectively permeable membrane. | isotonic |
| basic structure of a plasma membrane; composed of two layers of phospholipids. | lipid bilayer |
| chemical messenger in sacs at the end of an axon that carries nerve impulses across a synapse. | neurotransmitter |
| movement of water through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | osmosis |
| increased water pressure that results from osmosis. | osmotic pressure |
| movement of a substance through a cell membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy. | passive transport |
| process by which cellular or fragmentary organic matter is engulfed by a cell. | phagocytosis |
| organic molecule in the plasma membrane of a cell. | phospholipid |
| uptake of extracellular fluid by a cell using small vesicles derived from the plasma membrane. | pinocytosis |
| mechanism that causes the movement of protons across a plasma membrane resulting in a build up of protons that can be used to do cellular work, such as the production of ATP by chemiosmosis. | proton pump |
| special protein on the cell's surface that matches particular molecules in the cell's surroundings, causing the cell to respond in a particular way. | receptor protein |
| condition in which plasma membrane allows passage of some solutes but not others. | selectively permeable |
| membrane channel through which sodium ions are exchanged with potassium ions are exchanged with potassium ions, creating an abundance of sodium ions outside the cell wall. | sodium-potassium pump |
| component of a solution in the lesser amount. | solute |
| homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. | solution |
| component of a solution in the greater amount. | solvent |
| characteristic of gated channels that are activated by electric signals from nerve cells. | voltage gated |
Created by:
Brii
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