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Stars and Galaxies

TermDefinition
meteoroid A small piece of metal or stone that orbits the sun.
meteor A streak of light in the sky that forms when a piece of rock from space burns up in Earth's atmosphere.
meteorite A piece of rock or metal from space that strikes Earth's surface.
star A massive ball of gas in outer space that gives off heat, light, and other forms of radiation.
comet A body of ice and dust that travels in a long, narrow orbit around the Sun.
asteroid A small object made of rock or metal that orbits the sun.
Hertzprung-Russell diagram A diagram plotting the absolute magnitudes of stars relative to the different stages in a star's life cycle.
planetary nebula A large cloud of gas and dust in outer space ejected by an aging star near the end of its life cycle.
solar nebula The cloud of dust and gas created by the gravitational collapse of interstellar molecules from which it is believed the solar system was created.
white dwarf A relatively small, dense star at the end of its life cycle, which generates little or no energy and has contracted to its densest state.
giant star A star at the stage in its life cycle when it stops burning hydrogen, begins burning helium, and expands to a large, low-density star.
supergiant star A star that is larger, brighter, and more massive than a giant star, being thousands of times brighter than the Sun and having a relatively short lifespan.
neutron star A small-diameter, very dense star composed of neutrons held together by gravity.
black hole A space object with surface gravity great enough that not even light waves can escape it.
galaxy A group of solar systems, dust, and gas held together by gravity; our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
Milky way galaxy The galaxy containing the Sun and its solar system, along with millions of other stars in a spiraling pattern, part of which can be seen as a band of "milky" diffuse light across the night sky.
sun spot A cooler darker spot on the surface of the Sun.
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