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ES Topic 13

Interpreting Geologic History

QuestionAnswer
Absolute age actual age, or date in years, when a geological event occurred, or a rock was formed
Bedrock Earth’s most unweathered rock, located under vegetation, soil, loose structures and anything we’ve built
Carbon 14 (C-14) dating use of radioactive element to find age of organic (once alive) remains
Correlation process of showing that rocks or geologic events from different places are similar in age
Cross-cutting relationships rock dating principle that explains why veins, faults and joints in rocks are younger than the rocks they run through
Extrusion mass of igneous rock formed by cooling and solidification of molten lava; includes lava flow and lava mountains
Fossil physical evidence of former life
Geologic time scale chronological model of Earth’s history, using eons, eras, periods, and epochs
Half-life time required for half of the atoms of a radioactive sample to decay
Inclusion older rock with igneous rock within it. Rock fell into the lava but didn’t melt before the whole thing solidified
Index fossil a fossil used in correlation and relative dating of rock because the organism lived for a short period of time over a wide geographic area
Intrusion mass of igneous rock formed when magma squeezes or melts into preexisting rocks and then crystallizes, forming sills and dykes
Isotope varieties of the same element which same atomic number, but different masses and therefore different physical properties.
Organic evolution theory states that life changes through time and new species arise by gradual transitions from existing species
Outgassing gases seeping out of Earth’s crust through cracks and volcanic eruptions
Principle of superposition principle stating that the youngest rocks are the ones in top layers, except for igneous intrusions
Species group of organisms which are similar enough to breed and produce fertile offspring
Unconformity buried eroded surface, causing a gap, or break, in the geologic record
Uranium 238 (U-238) Radioactive isotope of uranium with an atomic mass of 238 units and a half life of 4.5 billion years. It decays into lead-206
Volcanic ash Small pieces of igneous rock that are shot into the air by a volcanic eruption.
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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