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ES Topic 12
Earth's Dynamic Crust and Interior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | the plastic (flexible) layer of Earth’s mantle just below the lithosphere that allows for plate movement. It’s partly solid, partly liquid. |
| Continental crust | Earth’s upper lithosphere that makes up land masses and larger islands. It’s granitic rather than basaltic. |
| Convergent plate boundary | where two plates meet. Often involved with mountain building, trench formation and volcanic island arcs |
| Crust | outermost Earth’s solid lithosphere. Separated from the uppermost mantle and lower lithosphere by Mohoh |
| Divergent plate boundary | meeting area between two plates that are spreading apart at a mid-ocean ridge or continental rift zone. |
| Earthquake | release of energy found in rocks that causes a natural, rapid shaking of the lithosphere. Can also be a result of volcanic eruptions |
| Epicenter | the place on Earth’s surface that is directly above the focus or origin of an earthquake |
| Faulted | rock layers that are offset or displaced along a crack |
| Folded | a type of deformed rock that has bends in layered rock, due to movement in the lithosphere |
| Hot spot | major regions of volcanic activity |
| Inner core | innermost section of Earth, which is thought to be comprised of iron and nickel in the solid state |
| Island arc | a long stretch of volcanoes/volcanic islands |
| Lithosphere | the whole crust and upper part of Earth’s mantle |
| (Lithospheric) plate | section of lithosphere that moves around Earth’s solid surface |
| Mantle | the mostly solid part of Earth between the crust and outer core |
| Mid-ocean ridge | lines of mountain in the ocean made from volcanoes and lava flows |
| Moho | interface, or boundary zone, between Earth’s crust and mantle |
| Oceanic crust | area of crust under water, not part of continental crust |
| Ocean trench | long, steep, and narrow depression under water, caused by subducting plates which warp the crust |
| Original horizontality | concept describing normal pattern of deposits formed by sedimentary, some igneous rocks and lava flows |
| Outer core | zone of Earth between mantle and inner core |
| Plate tectonic theory | explains the moving of Lithosphere’s plates |
| P-waves | the fastest moving earthquake waves, caused by vibrating particles in the direction the waves are moving |
| Seismic wave | the energy waves given off by an earthquake |
| Subduction | plate tectonic process at a convergent boundary where one plate sinks under another plate, and eventually melts into the asthenosphere |
| S-waves | earthquake waves, caused by vibrating particles at a right angle to the direction the waves are traveling in |
| Transform plate boundary | boundary at which plates slide by each other (San Andreas Fault is an example) |
| Tsunami | very large, fast moving wave caused by a disturbance like and earthquake |
| Uplifted | raised up, as in mountain building |
| Young mountains | mountains that are still rising because they are at a location of converging plates or a hot spot |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
etucci
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