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NYS LE Topic 2
Homeostasis in Living Things
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antibiotics | medicine you take to help fight off an infection (only works on bacteria, not viruses) |
| Antibodies | chemicals made by your immune system to fight off disease |
| Catalyst | enzymes that speed up chemical reactions |
| Negative feedback mechanism | how an organism maintain homeostasis. A reaction can be stopped and made to go in the opposite direction. |
| Stimuli | change in your environment that makes you respond. External or internal. |
| Vaccine | shot you get to prevent infection that exposes your immune system to the pathogen so it can learn how to respond. |
| Pathogen | foreign thing that infects you when you are sick (bacteria, virus, fungus) |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | The small changes that maintain an organism’s constant internal environment helps maintain homeostasis |
| Homeostasis | an organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment even though there are small external changes occurring |
| Photosynthesis | occurs in plants only, in the chloroplast (green). Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + Oxygen |
| AIDS | Disease that results when HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infects the immune system |
| Allergy | occurs when an immune system becomes overly sensitive to a normally harmless foreign substance. |
| Antigen | proteins on a cell’s surface that the immune system recognizes as either being “self” or a foreign invader. |
| ATP | a chemical form of stored energy; made by MIGHTY mitochondria during cell respiration |
| Bacteria | single celled organisms with no nucleus that can cause infection |
| Biochemical processes | a chemical process that occurs in a living thing |
| (Cellular) Respiration | process that breaks down nutrients (glucose) to release the energy stored in them. Occurs at MIGHTY mitochondria |
| Chloroplast | green organelle in plants where photosynthesis occurs |
| Disease | a condition, other than injury, that prevents the body from working as it should |
| Enzyme | protein that speeds up rate of chemical reactions in a living thing |
| Feedback Mechanism | a cycle whose result either reinforces or reverses the actions taken by the system. Ex. blood glucose regulation |
| Fungi | a kingdom of organisms that are multicellular heterotrophs that tend to grow on dead, decaying matter |
| Gas exchange | obtaining Oxygen from the environment and releasing Carbon dioxide |
| Glucose | a simple sugar (carbohydrate) that is the main energy source for most cells |
| Immune System | a body’s primary defense against invading organisms |
| Insulin | a hormone released by the pancrease that lowers blood sugar levels |
| Microbe | any microscopic organism |
| Mitochondria | an organelle that contains enzymes needed to release energy from nutrients through cell respiration |
| Pancreas | endocrine organ that releases the hormone insulin |
| Parasite | organism that survives by living and feeding off of other living organisms |
| Pathogen | general term for an organism that invades the body, causing disease |
| pH | measures whether a substance is acidic, basic, or neutral. |
| Photosynthesis | process in which organisms use energy from sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into simple sugars (glucose). Occurs in chloroplasts |
| Stimuli | a change in the surroundings that causes an organism to respond in some way |
| Synthesis | “making” A process where organisms can combine simple substances into more complex substances. Ex) protein ________ involves joining together amino acids |
| Vaccine | a substance that contains a weakened or dead form of a pathogen that is designed to teach your immune system how to respond, should you ever be infected for real. |
| Virus | a foreign invader that is actually not alive, and consists of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
etucci
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