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MUSCULAR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sliding of myofilaments past myosin filaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of entire muscle in response to a stimulus | muscle twitch |
| where muscles remain contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| the time between application of stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| raise the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| close the eyelids causes crows feet | orbicularis oculi |
| pucker the lips | orbiculars oris |
| flattens the cheeks/ kissing muscles | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| 2 pterygoids, temporalis, masseter | 4 pairs of mastication muscles |
| chewing | mastication |
| change the shape of the tounge | intrinsic tonuge muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sterncleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| skeletal muscle responds to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called | epimysium |
| surrounds and separates muscles: outside the epimysium | fascia |
| numerous visible bundles: surrounded by the perimysium | fascicle |
| the fascicle is composed of single muscle cells called | fibers |
| each fiber is surrounded by a sheath called | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with threadlike structures called | myofibrils |
| thin myofliamnets | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin filaments |
| actin and myosin filaments form the basic structural unit of the muscle | sarcomeres |
| extends from one Z line to another | sarcomere |
| band on each side of the Z line | I band |
| darker central region in each sarcomere | A band |
| center of each sarcomere: light area of only myosin | H zone |
| myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band | M line |
| charge difference across the membrance | resting membrane potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor nuerons |
| Each axon branch that connects to the muscle forms a | synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are calle | motor unit |
| formed by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane | neuromuscular junction |
| The enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber in the synaptic cleft | postsynaptic terminal |
| each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesiciles |
| secretion from vesicles that are a neurotransmitter | acetycholine |
| enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
| muscle fiver will not respond to stimulus until it reaches the | threshold |
| threshold phenomenon is called | all or none response |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time when muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction. | ATP adenosine triphosphate |
| muscles can store another high-energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | Aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced | muscle fatique |
| the length of muscle does not change but the tension increases | isometric |
| length of muscle changes but tension stays the same | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| descriptive names of muscles | location, size, orientation, insertion, function |
| lateral neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of back | erector spinae |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| elevates ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
Created by:
zcaitlyn
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