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Bioinquiry test2 cwi
chapter 4.5 and Chapter 10.1-10.4 bioenergetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the process of all of the chemical reations that occur in cells called? | Metabolism |
| In Metabolism, _____ substances are converted to other organic substances and energy is transferred | Organic |
| Biological definition for energy | is anything that can do work |
| Energy changes always occur in the direction in which the energy of the universe becomes more | disordered |
| says energy may change forms, but it is neither created or destroyed | firstlaw of thermodynamics |
| says that energy changes always occur and will keep occuring` | 2nd law of thermodynamics |
| disoder of randomness in the universe is called | entropy |
| without the input pf energy from outside the system, the universe is slowly moving toward total entropy at all times | true |
| Living things myst do biological work to keep the forces of the universe from dismantling their | highly ordered bodies |
| to fight entropy, organisms need a constant supply of | energy |
| autotrops or heterotrophs wither produce or obtain energy to | overcome entropy |
| Is closely related to breathing | celluar respiration |
| is highly magnetic to make ATP in the mitochondian | oxygen |
| ATP can use ______for energy | carbon |
| ATP means | Adenosine tri phosphate adosine plus three phosphates |
| the currency of energy for | ATP |
| self feeders are called | autotrophs |
| _______ are dependant on plants to convert solar energy to chemical energyq | animals |
| chemical energy made by autotrophs is in the form of sugars and other | organic materials |
| are consumers | heterotrophs |
| What is the process that takes place between photosynthesis and cellular respiration called | chemical cycling |
| ingredients for photosynthesis | Co2 aND WATER |
| CO2 IS OBTAINED FROM THE AIR IT IS LEFT BEHIND BY | PLANTS |
| H20 IS OBTAINED BY | THE DAMP SOIL BY THE PLANTS ROOTS |
| COSE AND OTHER ORGANIC MATERIALS | CHLOROPLASTS |
| BY PRODUCT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS | OXYGEN |
| 3 TYPES OF WORK CELLS DO | MECHANICAL WORKTRANSPORT WORK-DIFFUSIONcHEMICAL WORK-WHERE ATP PRODUCED |
| Energy transferred from kinetic energy propels | ADP |
| AEROBIC METABOLISM OCCURS WHEN | OXYGEN REACHES CELLS TO SUPPO0RT ENERGY NEEDS |
| ANEROBIC METABOLISM | OCCURS WHEN THE DEMAND FOR OXYGEN STRIPS THE BODY'S ABILITY TO DELIVER IT |
| ______ _______ IN FOOOD REPRESENT SOLAR ENERGY | FOOD MOLECULES |
| IN CELL MEMBRANES WHAT IS THE HYDROPHILIC HEAD | IT IS THE WATER LOVING HEAD |
| WHAT IS THE HYDROPHOBIC TAIL | WATER FEARING(REPELS) |
| WHAT ARE THE CARBOHYDRATES OR SIMPLE SUGERS USED IN CELL IDENTIFICATION CALLED, THEY LOCK CELLS TOGETHER | GLYCOLIPIDS |
| IN A PLASMA MEMBRANE, IN FLUID MOSAICS PROTEINS ARE FREE TO | MOVE ABOUT |
| GIVES PHOSPHOL MEMBRANE SLIPPERINESS, IT IS A TYPE OF STERIOD. | CHOLESTEROL |
| IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE__________ACT AS RECOGNITION MOLECULES | CARRIER PROTEINS |
| HELP CONNECT CELLS AND PLAY A ROLE IN IDENTIFICATION IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE | CARBOHYDRATES |
| Some molecules are too big to diffuse easily in the plasma membrane they must use | protein channels |
| are positively electrically charged and keep from passing through the membrane | water ions |
| in the plasma membrane________regulate the movement in and out | proteins |
| in the plasma membrane,________ or hydrophilic substances cannot pass freely through the membrane | large |
| disoder of randomness in the universe is called | entropy |
| without the input pf energy from outside the system, the universe is slowly moving toward total entropy at all times | true |
| Living things myst do biological work to keep the forces of the universe from dismantling their | highly ordered bodies |
| to fight entropy, organisms need a constant supply of | energy |
| autotrops or heterotrophs wither produce or obtain energy to | overcome entropy |
| Is closely related to breathing | celluar respiration |
| is highly magnetic to make ATP in the mitochondian | oxygen |
| ATP can use ______for energy | carbon |
| ATP means | Adenosine tri phosphate adosine plus three phosphates |
| the currency of energy for | ATP |
| self feeders are called | autotrophs |
| _______ are dependant on plants to convert solar energy to chemical energyq | animals |
| chemical energy made by autotrophs is in the form of sugars and other | organic materials |
| are consumers | heterotrophs |
| What is the process that takes place between photosynthesis and cellular respiration called | chemical cycling |
| ingredients for photosynthesis | Co2 aND WATER |
| CO2 IS OBTAINED FROM THE AIR IT IS LEFT BEHIND BY | PLANTS |
| H20 IS OBTAINED BY | THE DAMP SOIL BY THE PLANTS ROOTS |
| COSE AND OTHER ORGANIC MATERIALS | CHLOROPLASTS |
| BY PRODUCT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS | OXYGEN |
| 3 TYPES OF WORK CELLS DO | MECHANICAL WORKTRANSPORT WORK-DIFFUSIONcHEMICAL WORK-WHERE ATP PRODUCED |
| Energy transferred from kinetic energy propels | ADP |
| AEROBIC METABOLISM OCCURS WHEN | OXYGEN REACHES CELLS TO SUPPO0RT ENERGY NEEDS |
| ANEROBIC METABOLISM | OCCURS WHEN THE DEMAND FOR OXYGEN STRIPS THE BODY'S ABILITY TO DELIVER IT |
| ______ _______ IN FOOOD REPRESENT SOLAR ENERGY | FOOD MOLECULES |
| IN CELL MEMBRANES WHAT IS THE HYDROPHILIC HEAD | IT IS THE WATER LOVING HEAD |
| WHAT IS THE HYDROPHOBIC TAIL | WATER FEARING(REPELS) |
| WHAT ARE THE CARBOHYDRATES OR SIMPLE SUGERS USED IN CELL IDENTIFICATION CALLED, THEY LOCK CELLS TOGETHER | GLYCOLIPIDS |
| IN A PLASMA MEMBRANE, IN FLUID MOSAICS PROTEINS ARE FREE TO | MOVE ABOUT |
| GIVES PHOSPHOL MEMBRANE SLIPPERINESS, IT IS A TYPE OF STERIOD. | CHOLESTEROL |
| IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE__________ACT AS RECOGNITION MOLECULES | CARRIER PROTEINS |
| HELP CONNECT CELLS AND PLAY A ROLE IN IDENTIFICATION IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE | CARBOHYDRATES |
| Some molecules are too big to diffuse easily in the plasma membrane they must use | protein channels |
| are positively electrically charged and keep from passing through the membrane | water ions |
| in the plasma membrane________regulate the movement in and out | proteins |
| in the plasma membrane,________ or hydrophilic substances cannot pass freely through the membrane | large |
| to help large or hydrophilic substances pass through the plasma membrane they need | channel proteins(no energy) or carrier proteins(require energy) |
| allow specific ions to pass through, | ion channels |
| often used as a catalyst to speed up process are made of proteins | enzymes |
| active transport | uses carrier protein which requires energy |
| moves molecules against their concentration gradient | active transport |
| net movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration | diffusion |
| there is no energy required in this as long as the concentration gradient is maintained | diffusion |
| the diffusion of water | osmosis |
| type of diffusion accross a semipermiable membrane from areas of high water concentration to areas of low water concentration | osmosis |
| High concentration of solutes no solutes will move into the cell with this soltion | hypotonic |
| the concentration of water inside and out are the same | isotonic |
| concentrations of water in the cell exceeds that outside the cell resulting in net movement out of the cell and cell shrinkage | hypertonic |
| In this process, glucose is broken into 2 3 carbon pyruvic acid(carbon) compound | glycolysis |
| _____ ______ is characterized by metabolic pathways | cellular metabolism` |
| the ____ ______ completes the breakdown of sugar | krebs cycle |
| pyrubic acid had to be prepped before it gets into the krebs cycle | |
| fermentation | various types of microrganisms perform this |
| _____________carries out a slightly different type of fermentation | yeast |
| in alcohol fermentation, glucose goes in what comes out | 2 ethyl alchohols carbon dioxide is released |
| only_________ organisms can make organic molecules from sunlight, Co2 and H20. | photosynthetic |
| almost all plants are | photosynthetic |
| bacteria and protists, | autotrophs |
| _____ is found in the cell walls of diatoms | silica |
| this occurs in the chloroplasts | photosynthesis |
| a structure that has a specific function | organelle |
| photosynthesis is comprised of two processes | 1. the light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy2. The calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide. |
| the source of radiant energy measured by the electromagnetic spectrum | sunlight |
| small systems which have reached maximum disorder and entropy | equilibrium |
| proved that animals and fire require consumption of oxygen | joseph priestly |
| energy in action | kinetic |
| stored energy | potential |
| In the krebs cycle, cells must stay at or near the same temperature to | extract energy in a controlled manner and be specific(in the cytoplasm) |
| the catalyst helps cross this barrier and turn potential energy into kinetic energy | energy of activation |
| most efficient reaction measured by one that captures as much energy as possible from an energy yielding reaction | metabolic efficiency |
| short lived compound that occurs at a point in the pathway somewhere between the starting point and the end | metabolic intermediate |
| the first stage of cellular respiration | glycolysis-carbon glucose is split into 2 3 ct pyruvic acid compounds(carbon) |
| the pathway nets 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH when a hydrogen is gained from the ______that went in | glucose |
| can be further oxydized in glycolysis to yield more ATP | NADH |
| When______is present pyruvic acid from glycolysis is trimmed to a 2 carbon compound and shunted into the mitochondria where it enters the 2nd state | oxygen |
| Krebs cycle and nets 3 nadh, fadh2 and one more ATP PER COA MOLECULE | SECOND STAGE OF RESPIRATION |
| INT THE KREBS CYCLE MORE _________ are transformed to NAD+ making NADH and transferred to FAD making FADH2, rEMAINING CARBONS ARE LOST AS CO2 | HYDROGENS |
| iN THE ______ ________, CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN MOVE BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN AUTOTROPHS AND HETEROTROPHS | CARBON CYCLE |
| ENERGY THAT TRAVELS THROUGH SPACE IN THE FORM OF RHYTHMIC WAVES | LIGHT |
| PHOSYNTHETIC TISSUES APPEAR_________BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN PIGMENTS OR MOLECULES THAT ABSORB SOME WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHTS AND REFLECT OTHERS | GREEN |
| ______IS A COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULE THAT ABSORBS LIGHT IN THE BLUE AND RED PARTS OF THE SPECTRUM BUT REFLECTS THE GREEN WAVELENTHS BACK TO OUR EYES | CHLOROPHYLL |
| PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS THAT REQUIRES LIGHT | ATP, NADPH |
| THE 1ST PHASE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS | LIGHT DEPENDANT REACTIONS |
| ATP AND NADPH ARE USED TO MAKE_________IN THE 2ND PHASE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS | CARBOHYDRATES |
| SERIES OFF REACTIONS THAT ARE INDEPENDANT OF LIGHT IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS | CALVIN BENSON CYCLE |
| CELL SITES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIGHT DEPENDANT | CHLOROPLASTS |
| TAKES ONE LOW ENERGY CARBON IN THE FORM OF cO2 AND BRINGS IT INTO THE BIOSPHERE BY FIXING IT INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS | RELY ON FIXED ORGANIC CARBON AS FUEL. |
| LIGHT INDEPENDANT REACTIONS,(CALVIN BENSON CYCLE) CONVERT THE ENERGFY OF LIGHT INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY | PIGMENTS |
| THYLAKOID | MEMBRANES CONTAIN PIGMENTS WHICH ARE LARGE COLORFUL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
| ARE CABABLE OF ABSORBING CERTAIN WAVELENGTHS OF LIFE | PIGMENTS |
| IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AS ELECTRONS MOVE FROM CARRIER TO CARRIER, THEIR ENERGY IS USED TO MOVE FROM THE OUTSIDE OF THE | THYLAKOID LUMEN TO THE INSIDE |
| END PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ARE | NADPH AND A PROTON |
| LIGHT INDEPENDANT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS MAKE SUGAR BY USING ENERGY FROM ATP AND NADPH THAT ARE MADE IN THE | LIGHT DEPENDANT REACTIONS |
Created by:
miss rhonda
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