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Chapter 7
Upper limb
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the highest point of the shoulder? | Acromion |
| What is an extension of the scapular spine? | acromion |
| 8 carpal bones | Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
| What is Colle's fracture? | fracture of the distal end of radius |
| What is the most fractured carpal bone? | scaphoid |
| Carpal Tunnel | passageway from the wrist to the hand, the carpal tunnel is made of tendons, ligaments, and bones |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist |
| What nerve in carpal tunnel would be compressed? | median nerve |
| What symptoms does carpal tunnel cause? | weakness in the thenar eminence |
| What is the shoulder joint formed? | articular capsule, coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligament, glenoid labrum, four bursae |
| What are the actions of the shoulder joint? | flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction |
| Does the shoulder joint have the most freedom of movement than any joint of the body? | yes |
| What is the dislocated shoulder? | dislocated joint, head of the humerus becomes displaced inferiorly |
| How is the wrist joint formed? | distal end of the radius and lunate, scaphoid, and triquetrum |
| Which muscles make up the "rotator cuff"? | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
| What muscle insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus? | pectoralis major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor |
| What muscle origin or insert to the coracoid process of the scapula? | pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, bicep brachii |
| What muscles attach to or run in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus? | pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major |
| How is the brachial plexus formed? | rami (roots)- 5 ventral rami (C5-T1) trunks- upper, middle, & lower, form division divisions- anterior & posterior serve front & back of limbs cords- lateral, medial, posterior fiber bundles |
| the 3 cords and nerves | lateral cord: musculocutaneous & part of median nerves medial cord: part of median nerve & ulnar posterior cord: axillary and radial |
| What nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles? | axillary |
| What nerve supplies most of hand muscles? | ulnar |
| What nerve supplies latissimus dorsi? | thoracodorsal |
| What nerve supplies Biceps brachii and brachialis? | musculocutaneous |
| What is the condition called Winged scapula? | paralysis of serratus anterior |
| What nerve is injured in winged scapula? | long thoracic nerve |
| What muscle is paralyzed in winged scapula? | anterior serratus |
| Which nerve injury would lead to wrist drop? | radial |
| What muscles does the axillary nerve supply? | deltoid and teres minor |
| What is the consequence with the axillary nerve injury? | paralysis to the muscle innervated by it, deltoid muscle, result in a reduction in shoulder abduction |
| Axillary nerve | Distribution: deltoid, teres minor |
| Axillary nerve injury | surgical neck of humerus fracture causes paralysis to the muscle innervated by it |
| Musculocutaneous nerve | Distribution: flexors- coracobrachialis, bicep brachii, & brachialis |
| Radial nerve | Distribution: essentially all extensor muscles also, brachioradialis |
| Median Nerve | Distribution: flexors of forearm EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris & ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus |
| Median nerve injury | median nerve palsy- numbness, tingling, pain in palm & fingers, inability to pronate the forearm & flex the proximal interphalangeal joint |
| Dorsal scapular nerve | Distribution: levator scapula, rhomboid major & minor |
| Long thoracic nerve | Distribution: anterior serratus |
| Long thoracic nerve injury | winged scapula: paralysis of the serratus anterior |
| Suprascapular nerve | Distribution: supraspinatus & infraspinatus |
| Thoracodorsal nerve | Distribution: latissimus dorsi |
| Upper Subscapular nerve | Distribution: subscapularis |
| Lower Subscapular nerve | Distribution: subscapularis, teres major |
| Lateral Pectoral nerve | Distribution: pectoralis major |
| Medial Pectoral nerve | Distribution: pectorals major and minor |
| Pectoralis minor | Origin: 2-5 / 3-5 ribs Insertion: coracoid process Action: abducts scapula & rotates it downward |
| Serratus Anterior "boxer muscle" | Origin: 1-8 / 1-9 ribs Insertion: vertebral border & inf. angle of scapula Action: abducts scapula & rotates it upward |
| Trapezius | Origin: Occipital bone, ligaments nuchae, C7-T12 (only muscle with this origin) Insertion: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Action: elevates, adducts, depresses scapula, rotates scapula upward (only muscle that can do all 3) |
| Levator Scapulae | Origin: transverse process C1-4 Insertion: superior vertebral border of scapula Action:elevates scapula |
| Rhomboid major | Origin: Spine T2-T5 Insertion: vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine Action: elevates & adducts scapula & rotates it downward |
| Rhomboid minor | Origin: Spine C7-T1 Insertion: vertebral border of scapula superior to spine Action: elevates & adducts scapula & rotates it downward |
| Pectoralis Major | Origin: clavicle, sternum Insertion: greater tubercle, intertubercular Action: adducts & medially rotates arm, flexes |
| Latissimus dorsi | Origin:spine T7-L5, iliac rest Insertion: intertubercula sulcus of humerus Action: adducts, medially rotates, extends |
| Deltoid | Origin:clavicle, acromion, spine Insertion: deltoid tuberosity Action: abducts, flexes, medially rotates |
| Subscapularis | Origin: sub capular fossa Insertion: lesser tubercle Action: medially rotates |
| Supraspinatus | Origin: supraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tubercle Action: abducts arm |
| Infraspinatus | Origin: infraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tubercle sulcus of humerus Action: laterally rotates and adducts arm |
| Teres Major | Origin: inferior angle of scapula Insertion: intertubercular Action:adducts, medially rotates, extends |
| Teres Minor | Origin: lateral border of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus Action: laterally rotates and adducts arm |
| Coracobrachialis | Origin: coracoid process Insertion: middle of medial shaft of humerus Action: flexes and adducts arm |
| Biceps Brachii | Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, coracoid process Insertion: radial tuberosity Action:flexes, supinates |
| Brachialis | Origin: distal ant. surface of humerus Insertion: ulna tuberosity & coronoid process Action: major flexor |
| Brachioradialis | Origin: lateral border of distal humerus Insertion: process of radius Action: flexes, supinates, pronates |
| Triceps Brachii | Origin: infraglenoid, medial & lateral of humerus Insertion: olecranon process Action: extends forearm & arm |
Created by:
_melgozacaroo15
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