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Science Form/Functio
Science Test March 2017 Form and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Structure? | Anything made of parts put together for a particular purpose (or purposes) |
| What is the difference between Form and Function? | Form: the shape and physical appearance of a Structure Function: the task or purpose of the structure |
| What is Force? | A push or a pull |
| What is the definition of Gravity? | The force of attraction between all objects |
| What are the effects of Gravity? | -Gravity that pulls objects of small mass together is weak *is noticeable when at least one of the objects has a large mass. *Gravity of objects w/ very large mass (earth) can move object w/ small mass (eraser) large distance- why objects fall to ground |
| What is the difference between Applied and Non-Contact Forces? | Applied Forces: forces that push or pull objects when objects come in contact with one another Non-Contact Forces: forces that push or pull things without contact |
| Examples of Non-Contact Forces | *Gravity *Magnetic Force (forces that pull two magnets together *Electrostatic Force (the force that causes static cling) |
| Examples of Applied Forces | *Feet putting downward force on bike pedals *Oar of boat striking the water *Baseball bat striking a ball |
| What is the difference between Mass and Weight? | Mass: the quantity of matter in an object Weight: the force of gravity acting downward on an object |
| What instruments are used to measure mass? | Balance and a scale |
| What instruments are used to measure weight | Newton Spring Scale **because weight is a measure of force, it has a magnitude and a direction. We might say that a mass of 1 kg had a weight of almost 10 N downward |
| What are the units used to measure mass? | Grams (g) and Kilograms (kg) |
| What are the units used to measure weight? | Newtons (N) |
| What are 2 different ways that we can describe force? | 1. DIRECTION OF FORCE: up, down, left, right or sideways. in diagrams the direction of arrows shows the direction of force 2. MAGNITUDE OF FORCE: strength of force (greater/lesser) in diagrams the thicker the arrow the greater the magnitude |
| What is Load? | A force acting on a structure |
| What is a Static Load? | Loads acting downward on structures that result from gravity |
| What are 2 classes of Static Loads? | 1. DEAD LOAD: the weight of the structure itself 2. LIVE LOAD: the weight of the objects that a structure supports |
| What are Dynamic Loads? | Loads on a structure that are caused by forces other than gravity |
| What are some examples of forces that act on a structure to create dynamic loads | Moving water High winds Car striking guardrail Baseball bat hitting ball |
| What is a Solid Structure? | Strong structure relying on solid construction materials to support loads. They have a large mass. A well made structure can last for a very long time |
| Examples of a Solid Structure | -Concrete Dam -Wooden telephone pole -Marble Statue |
| What is a Frame Structure? | Uses a network of materials that support each other. A single part of structure cannot support the mass of structure by itself. Individual parts are connected & require special support so they don't bend/collapse. Widely used, sturdy, lighter than solid |
| Examples of Frame Structures | -Body's skeleton -Goalie's net -Spider web -Network of steel or wood beams supporting a bridge or building |
| What is a Shell Structure? | Hollow, curved shape. Can be very light and yet have a great deal of strength and rigidity. |
| Examples of Shell Structures | -Bird's beak -pop can -bike helmet |
| What is a Combination Structure? | Structure containing various solid, frame and shell components |
| Example of a Combination Structure | THE HUMAN BODY FRAME: Human skeleton (bones that hold muscles, tendons & ligaments) SHELL: Skull (curved, hard and hollow) SOLID: Femur (large solid bone located in thigh) |
| What is Internal Force? | Forces acting between two parts of a body |
| What is External Force? | A force acting on an object or structure from the outside |
| What are some examples of External Forces that act on buildings? | -Wind -Earthquake -Weight of people in a building -The weight of the building |
| What is the difference between Point of Application and Plane of Application of Force | POINT OF APPLICATION OF FORCE: the location of an object where the force is applied PLANE OF APPLICATION OF FORCE: An imaginary flat surface through which the applies force passes |
| What is Tension Force? Examples | Internal Force pulling the particles of an object apart. Example: Trampoline, guitar strings |
| What is Compression Force? Examples | Internal Force that presses or squeezes the particles of an object together. Examples: Mattress springs (when you lie on the mattress), laying your head on a pillow, stepping on the sole of shoe |
| What is Torsion Force? Examples | Internal twisting forces created in an object as a result of a twisting motion being applied to the object. Can be created when both ends of a structure are twisted or when only one end of structure is twisted Ex: ringing out a wash cloth, door knob |
| What is Shear Force? Examples | Internal force acting on an object as a result of pushes/pulls in opposite directions usually causing rips or tears. Ex:: scissors, a strong wind blowing horizontally against a tree causing shear force inside tree, can cause it to bend or break. |
Created by:
cianieri
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