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GEOS 220 Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From largest to smallest, the scales of atmospheric circulation are designated | planetary, synoptic, meso, micro |
| Chinook winds, land-sea breezes and Santa Ana winds are examples of ________ circulations. | mesoscale |
| A Santa Ana (or Chinook) wind is a | very dry, warm wind coming down a mountain slope |
| Haboobs | are dust storms triggered by intense thunderstorms. |
| In the real atmosphere, the term "Hadley cell" applies to: | 0 degrees to 30 degrees latitude |
| Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds? | westerlies |
| Taken as a whole, the large scale or general circulation patterns of the atmosphere exist: | as a cause of temperature contrasts |
| The region where the northeast trades meet the southeast trades is known as the: | the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) |
| The large rainfall totals associated with the Indian monsoon occur when: | the ITCZ shifts to the north, near the India Ocean. |
| A primary factor causing monsoon circulations is: | greater temperature changes over continents compared to oceans. |
| What are Rossby waves? | wave patterns in the upper level westerlies and polar jet stream |
| On a typical day, ______ Rossby long-waves encircle the globe. | 2-5 |
| El Nino events are characterized by: | pooling of unusually warm water in the eastern tropical Pacific. |
| An extreme and persistent El Nino | may be accompanied by weather extremes in various parts of the world. |
| The two most important properties that should be relatively homogeneous at the same altitude in an air mass are | moisture content and temperature. |
| The typical amount of time it takes for an air mass to pass over a given area is on the order of a few | days |
| Which of the following is NOT a good source region for air masses? | the central United States |
| An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is called | mT |
| The cP air-mass in North America originates in | interior Alaska and Canada |
| Air masses are identified by a pair of letters, one lowercase and one uppercase. The uppercase letter (P, A, or T) refers to | the approximate latitude of the air mass source region |
| A cT air mass is | warm and dry |
| An air mass is often modified as it moves over the earth's surface. This modification is largely due to | contact with the new surface below |
| The coldest and driest winter air-mass in North America is the | cA |
| "Lake-effect" snow is associated with the ________ air mass | cP |
| In the United States, lake-effect snows occur over which area? | the leeward shores of the Great Lakes |
| Most mP air masses that influence the U.S. originate over | the north Pacific |
| In North America the ________ air mass forms only in the summer. | cT |
| On a weather map, a line with blue triangles on one side and red semicircles on the other represents | a stationary front |
| A warm front is said to exist when | advancing warm air overrides retreating cold air |
| The cloud and precipitation shield associated with a warm front typically is ______ the cloud and precipitation shield associated with a cold front | broader than |
| The more violent nature of weather produced by a cold front can be attributed to which two factors? | the steep slope and fast forward motion of the front |
| The arrival of a cold front brings: | cumulonimbus clouds. |
| The type of front formed when the leading edge of cold air merges with a warm front is known as | an occluded front. |
| A dryline | (all the above) is a likely site for development of a severe thunderstorm cell, separates hot, dry air from warm, humid air, An occluded front formsoften occurs over Texas and Oklahoma. |
| An occluded front forms | late in the life cycle of an extratropical cyclone |
| In a mature extratropical cyclone, fog and drizzle are most likely to develop | in the cold air just ahead of the surface warm front |
| The warmest sector of a mature extratropical cyclone is usually __________ of the cyclone center. | southeast |
| Middle-latitude cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere | rotate counterclockwise |
| Which of the following lists the stages of the mid-latitude cyclone life cycle in the proper order? | cyclogenesis, open-wave, occlusion, dissipation |
| A mature mid-latitude cyclone cloud pattern most closely resembles what when viewed from a satellite? | a comma |
| What is the cause-and-effect relationship between the pattern of upper-level winds and surface low- and high-pressure systems? | Upper level wind patterns strongly control the origin and development of surface systems. |
| All of the following are common locations for cyclongenesis EXCEPT for | the Great Lakes region |
| The modern view of cyclogenesis, updated from traditional polar front theory to provide a better three-dimensional view, is known as: | the conveyor belt model. |
| The clear skies that separate the head of the comma from the tail in a mid-latitude cyclone are associated with what feature of the storm | the dry slot |
| The northwest sector of a mature extratropical cyclone is usually the | coldest |
| The boundary between two different air masses with different densities is called a | dryline |
| A cold cyclonic storm that forms along the eastern Canadian Rockies is called a(n) | Alberta clipper |
| In the conveyor belt model, this belt enters the storm flowing westward toward the surface cyclone: | Cold conveyor belt |
| Which of the following scales of atmospheric motion is most accurate? | Mesoscale—Thunderstorm |
| During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean: | Flow from land to sea and are dry |
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