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Science grade 8
everything science
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the control center of the cell | nucleus |
contain DNA or genetic material | chromosomes |
provides the "blue prints" or "construction plans" | DNA |
contained in the nucleus | chromosomes |
hold the cell material in place | cell membrane |
controls the movements of materials like nutrients and wastes in and out of the cell | cell membrane |
a watery fluid that holds everything inside the cell membrane | cytoplasm |
cell chemical activity takes place within here | cytoplasm |
can store waste material | cytoplasm |
fluid allows materials to pass between different cell structures | cytoplasm |
appearance like bubble | vacuole |
acts like a fluid filled storage area. | vacuole |
used to store water and nutrients like glucose and minerals | vacuole |
tiny structures in the cell or membrane | organelles |
cells power source | mitochondria |
convert glucose into energy by combining it with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. | cellular respiration |
protein manufacturing | ribosomes |
material transport | endoplasmic reticulum |
have more responsibility for moving amino acids | "rough" endoplasmic reticulum |
have more responsibility for moving fatty acids | "smooth" endoplasmic reticulum |
protein storage | the golgi apparatus |
an organelle that stores proteins and releases them to the surface of the cell in packages called | vesicles |
sent out to clean and patrol the cytoplasm | lysomes |
chemically change large molecules into smaller molecules | enzymes |
plants contain green fluids called | chlorophyll |
captures sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen process | photosynthesis |
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration | diffusion |
material that allows some particles to pass through, but keep others out | selectively permeable membrane |
an example of a selectively permeable membrane | lining of the small intestine |
an example of a semi-permeable membrane | cell membrane |
refers to the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
outward pressure | turgor pressure |
5000 different types of this on the Earth | bacteria |
have no nucleus | prokaryotic cells |
bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics and can cause extreme illness and death | "Superbugs" |
eukaryotic unicellular organisms | protists |
neither animal nor plant | protists |
a protist that is both plant-like an animal-like | euglena |
protist that is close to a plant | diatom |
common animal-like protists | amoeba and paramecia |
not considered living because they have no cells | Viruses |
"germs" or disease causing invaders like bacteria and viruses | pathogens |
your own defense cells | white blood cells |
chemical agents that help defend the immune system | antibodies |
chemical signal given off by an invading organism | antigens |
cells that keep your antibody memory roam freely in the blood | B-cells |
an injection of blood plasma containing dead or weakened pathogens | vaccination |
basic of units of all living things | cells |
composed of one or more cells | living things |