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Chapter One Terms
Introduction to the Study of the Structure and Function of the Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abdominopelvic quadrants | health professionals divide the adomen (through the navel) into four areas to hep locate specific organs; Right upper, Left upper, Right lower, Left lower |
| abdominopelvic regions | anatomists have divided the abdomen into nine regions to identify the location of organs; Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac (inguinal) region, H |
| anatomical position | a reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions; the body is in an erect or standing posture, with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward. The head and feet also point forward. |
| anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts |
| atrophy | wasting away of tissue; decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy |
| abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the abdominal organs |
| cranial cavity | space inside the skull that contains the brain |
| pelvic cavity | the lower portion of the ventral cavity; the distal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| pleural cavity | a subdivision of the thorax |
| spinal cavity | the space inside the spinal column through which the spinal cord passes |
| thoracic cavity | chest cavity |
| control center | the brain |
| superior | higher; opposite of inferior |
| inferior | lower; opposite of superior |
| anterior | front or ventral; opposite of posterior or dorsal |
| posterior | located behind; opposite of anterior |
| ventral | of or near the belly; in humans, front or anterior; opposite of dorsal or posterior |
| dorsal | referring to the back; opposite of ventral; in humans, the posterior is dorsal |
| medial | of or toward the middle; opposite of lateral |
| lateral | of or toward the side; opposite of medial |
| proximal | next or nearest; located nearest the center of the body or the point of attachment of a structure |
| distal | toward the end of a structure; opposite of proximal |
| superficial | near the body surface |
| deep | farther away from the body's surface |
| effector loop | responding organ; for example, voluntary and involuntary muscle, the heart and glands |
| experimentation | performing an experiment, which is usually a test of a tentative explanation of nature called a hypothesis |
| feedback | a highly complex and integrated communication control network, classified as negative or positive; negative feedback loops are the most important and most numerous homeostatic control mechanisms |
| homeostasis | relative uniformity of the normal body's internal environment |
| hypothesis | a proposed explanation of an observed phenomenon |
| mediastinum | a subdivision in the midportion of the thoracic cavity |
| negative feedback | the most important and most numerous homeostatic control mechanism |
| chemical | atoms and molecules |
| cellular | the smallest "living" units of structure and function in our body |
| tissue | an organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function |
| organ | a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that they can together act as a unit to perform a special function |
| system | an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that they can together perform complex functions for the body |
| physiology | the study of body function |
| sagittal | longitudinal; like an arrow |
| midsagittal | a cut or plane that divides the body or any of its parts into two equal halves |
| frontal | lengthwise plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| transverse | a horizontal or crosswise plane |
| positive feedback | stimulatory; temporarily amplifies the change that is occurring |
| prone | used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing downward |
| sensor | collects information from the body and sends it to the control center |
| supine | used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing upward |
| theory | an explanation of a scientific principle that has been tested experimentally and found to be true; compare to hypothesis and law |
Created by:
NurseKel
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