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science seif
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cells | basic units of structure and function in living things. |
| microscope | instrument that make small objects look larger. |
| cell theory | explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. |
| cell wall | is a rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organsims |
| cell membrane | controls which substances pass into and and out of the cell |
| nucleus | a large oval structure acts as the cell's control center |
| ribosomes | small grain-shaped organelles that produce protein |
| cyytoplasm | fluid fills the area between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| mitochondria | organelle converts energy stored in food to energy a cell can use to live and function |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle which has a network of membranes that produce many substances |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle that receive protein and other materials from the ER and package them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell. |
| vacuoles | a type of sac which stores water, food pr other materials needed by the cell |
| lysosomes | organelle that break down large food particles into smaller ones |
| chloroplast | green structures that capture energy from sunlight and changes it to form of energy the cell can use. |
| multicellular | have many cells |
| unicellular | have one cell |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function |
| organ | a group of different kinds of tissues that function together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform major function |
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance |
| compound | form when two or more elements combine chemically |
| carbohydrates | energy rich organic compounds made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipids | compounds that are made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| proteins | large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases sulfur |
| nucleic acid | very long organic molecules consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus |
| DNA | genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parents to offspring |
| double helix | the shape of the DNA molecule |
| selectively permeable | some substances can pass across the cell membrane while others cannot. |
| passive transport | movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using the cell energy |
| active transport | movement of materials across a cell membrane using the cell energy |
| diffusion | process by which molecules move from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
| endocytosis | the cell membrane changes shape and engulfs particles |
| exocytosis | the cell membrane allows large particles to leave a cell |
| photosynthesis | process by which a cell capture energy in the sunlight and uses it to make food |
| autotroph | organism the can make its own food |
| heterotroph | organism that cannot make its own food |
| chlorophyll | green pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs light |
| cellular respiration | process by which cells obtain energy from glucose |
Created by:
mohamedelhussien
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