Selective Permeability

A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them.

The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.

A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.

The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane.

The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water.

Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, causes no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water.

Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water.

Facilitated Diffusion

The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with the assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins, requiring no energy expenditure.

The movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, mediated by specific transport proteins and requiring an expenditure of energy.

The difference in electrical charge (voltage) across a cell’s plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions. Membrane potential affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged substances.

The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane.

A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one.

Electrochemical Gradient

The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force) and the ion’s tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force).

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Adv. Bio Chapter 7

Membranes

Term	Definition
Selective Permeability	A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them.
Fluid Mosaic Model	The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
Glycoprotein	A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.
Osmosis	The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Tonicity	The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water.
Isotonic	Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, causes no net movement of water into or out of the cell.
Hypertonic	Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water.
Hypotonic	Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water.
Facilitated Diffusion	The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with the assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins, requiring no energy expenditure.
Active Transport	The movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, mediated by specific transport proteins and requiring an expenditure of energy.
Membrane Potential	The difference in electrical charge (voltage) across a cell’s plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions. Membrane potential affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged substances.
Exocytosis	The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane.
Ligand	A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one.
Electrochemical Gradient	The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force) and the ion’s tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force).

Created by: Mr.Devine

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