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Cells - MCAS
MCAS Vocabulary Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diffusion | movement of molecules across a membrane from high to low concentration without energy |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane |
| osmosis | movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration without energy |
| semi-permeable | characteristic of a cell membrane which allows some molecules to pass through but not others |
| impermeable | molecules are not able to pass through the membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of molecules through protein channels in the membrane from high to low concentration |
| active transport | movement of molecules through protein channels in the membrane from low to high concentration requiring energy (ATP) |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across a membrane from high to low concentration without energy, ex. diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
| plasma membrane | thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell; composed of two layers of lipids |
| nuclear envelope | membrane surrounding the nucleus |
| nucleus | contains the DNA and controls all of the cell's acitivities |
| nucleolus | helps to assemble ribosomes |
| cytoplasm | material between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| mitochondrion | breaks down food to make ATP |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal transport system of the cell, modifies proteins, and synthesizes lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes that modify proteins and creates "packages" to send them to other locations |
| lysosome | filled with enzymes to breakdown dead cell parts and foreign objects; only found in animal cells |
| ribosome | synthesizes proteins |
| vacuole | stores water and nutrients for the cell; very large in plant cells |
| cell wall | provides structure and support around cell membrane of plants, fungi, and some bacteria |
| chloroplast | uses sunlight to make carbohydrates in plants, some bacteria and protists |
| centriole | organize the spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during animal cell mitosis |
| cytoskeleton | network of proteins in the cytoplasm that help cell maintain its shape |
| cilium | hairlike projections that help some cells move |
| flagellum | whiplike structure some cells use for propulsion |
| pseudopod | projection of cytoplasm that some protists use for movement and feeding |
| prokaryote | cell without a nucleus, it contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes; bacteria |
| eukaryote | cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; animals, plants, protists, fungi |
Created by:
mshunt
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