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Organic Chem - MCAS
MCAS Vocabulary Organic Chemistry
Question | Answer |
---|---|
chemical bond | link formed by two electrons that binds atoms together; where the energy in a compound is stored |
pH scale | measurement system used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; measures the concentration of H+ ions |
acid | compound that release H+ ions in solution; pH less than 7 |
base | compound that releases OH- ions in solution; pH greater than 7 |
monomer | building block or small unit of a polymer; can be linked into chains |
polymer | macromolecule; large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers |
carbohydrate | contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main source of energy for body, commonly end in "ose" |
monosaccharide | building block of a carbohydrate; simple sugar |
polysaccharide | large carbohydrate made up of monosaccharides, ex. starch and glycogen |
lipid | huge molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
fatty acid | with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids |
glycerol | with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids |
RNA | single stranded nucleic acid used for protein synthesis |
DNA | double stranded nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information |
protein | made up of amino acids; makes up cell/body structures and enzymes |
nucleotide | building block or monomer of a nucleic acid; commonly recognized by its nitrogen bases as A, T, C, or G |
amino acid | building block or monomer of a protein |
nucleic acid | made up of nucleotides; involved in transfer of genetic information and protein synthesis |
chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
reactant | chemical that enters a chemical reaction |
product | chemical that results from a chemical reaction |
activation energy | energy needed to start a reaction |
catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
enzyme | specialized protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing activation energy; typically end in "ase" |
substrate | reactant in a chemical reaction that happens in a living thing |
denaturation | when an enzyme changes shape and no longer functions due to high temperatures or wrong pH |
organic compound | compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things |
starch | polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; food storage molecule for plants |
glycogen | compound used by animals to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles |
glucose | simple sugar that is used to make ATP through cellular respiration |
cellulose | polysaccharide that is the main component of plant |
hemoglobin | specialized protein containing iron that carries oxygen on red blood cells |
insulin | protein hormone that helps to decrease blood sugar |
cholesterol | specialized lipid that is used in cell membranes and making hormones |