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Organic Chem - MCAS

MCAS Vocabulary Organic Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
chemical bond link formed by two electrons that binds atoms together; where the energy in a compound is stored
pH scale measurement system used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; measures the concentration of H+ ions
acid compound that release H+ ions in solution; pH less than 7
base compound that releases OH- ions in solution; pH greater than 7
monomer building block or small unit of a polymer; can be linked into chains
polymer macromolecule; large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers
carbohydrate contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main source of energy for body, commonly end in "ose"
monosaccharide building block of a carbohydrate; simple sugar
polysaccharide large carbohydrate made up of monosaccharides, ex. starch and glycogen
lipid huge molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen; includes fats, oils, and waxes
fatty acid with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids
glycerol with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids
RNA single stranded nucleic acid used for protein synthesis
DNA double stranded nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information
protein made up of amino acids; makes up cell/body structures and enzymes
nucleotide building block or monomer of a nucleic acid; commonly recognized by its nitrogen bases as A, T, C, or G
amino acid building block or monomer of a protein
nucleic acid made up of nucleotides; involved in transfer of genetic information and protein synthesis
chemical reaction process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
reactant chemical that enters a chemical reaction
product chemical that results from a chemical reaction
activation energy energy needed to start a reaction
catalyst substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
enzyme specialized protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing activation energy; typically end in "ase"
substrate reactant in a chemical reaction that happens in a living thing
denaturation when an enzyme changes shape and no longer functions due to high temperatures or wrong pH
organic compound compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things
starch polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; food storage molecule for plants
glycogen compound used by animals to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles
glucose simple sugar that is used to make ATP through cellular respiration
cellulose polysaccharide that is the main component of plant
hemoglobin specialized protein containing iron that carries oxygen on red blood cells
insulin protein hormone that helps to decrease blood sugar
cholesterol specialized lipid that is used in cell membranes and making hormones
Created by: mshunt
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