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biology ch. 7 terms

TermDefinition
cellular respiration the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
pyruvic acid the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis
NADH the reduced form of NAD+; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration
anaerobic describes a process that does not require oxygen
aerobic respiration if oxygen is present in the cell's environment, pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP through the process
glycolysis the anaerobic breakdown of glucose pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADH
fermentation the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen
lactic acid fermentation the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product
alcoholic fermentation the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol
kilocalorie a unit of energy equal to 1,000 cal
mitochondrial matrix the fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
acetyl CoA acetyl coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism
Krebs Cycle a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy
oxaloacetic acid a four-carbon compound of Krebs cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid
citric acid a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle
FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide, a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
Created by: eifertmaddy15
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