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biology ch. 6 terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autotroph | an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen |
| heterotroph | an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials |
| light reaction | initial reactions in photosynthesis, triggered by the absorption of light by photosystems I and II and include the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and oxygen gas, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosm |
| thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
| granum | a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| stroma | in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| pigment | a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
| caretenoid | a class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis |
| photosystem | in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| primary electron acceptor | the acceptor of the electrons lost from chlorophyll a is a molecule in the thylakoid membrane |
| electron transport chain | a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
| chemiosmosis | in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
| carbon fixation | the process in which a substance that contains carbon, such as plant materials, is reduced into a carbon film |
| stomata | small pores that rapidly lose water to the air through small pores under hot and dry conditions. located under the leaves |
| c4 pathway | a carbon-fixing process in which carbon dioxide is bound to a compound to form a four-carbon intermediate |
| CAM pathway | a biochemical pathway in certain plants in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in the Calvin cycle during the day |
| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
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eifertmaddy15
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