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Mental Health
Module 1 & 2: Introduction to Psychiatric Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability to "cope with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of living in a acceptable way" | Mental health |
| Inherited characteristics, childhood nurturing, life circumstances | Factors that influence mental health |
| The severity of client's illness, the level of dysfunction, suitability of the setting for treatment, level of cooperation, client's ability to pay for services | Factors that determine inpatient care |
| Facility that provides services to people with mental problems within their home environments; clients are able to remain within their communities, associating with the real world | Outpatient care |
| Delivers foods to individuals in their homes | Meals on wheels |
| Food and clothing that is made available to women based on income eligibility | WIC - Women, Infants, and Children |
| Purpose is to stabilize the client and assist with crisis, refer to appropriate community resources | Emergency Department (ED) |
| Offers a protected, supervised environment within the community | Residential Programs (group homes) |
| Providing the client with the information to make certain decisions | Advocacy |
| How does advocate help client's? | Protects client's rights, helps clarify expectations, provides support, and acts on behalf of the client's best interest |
| Evaluates families; studies environmental and social causes of illness; conducts family therapy and admits new clients | Psychiatric social worker |
| Has an advanced degree, specialized training in art therapy; encourages members to analyze artwork, adjunct to the care team in diagnosis and treatment of children | Expressive therapist |
| Has an advanced degree, specialized training in recreational therapy; uses pet therapy, psychodrama, poetry and music therapy | Recreational therapist |
| What populations are at high risk for developing mental health problems? | Substance abuse, homeless, elderly, families, adolescence & children, rural residents, people with HIV, have suicidal thoughts, people with anxiety, depression or panic disorders |
| The right of people to act for themselves and make personal choices, including refusal of treatment | Autonomy |
| Obligation to keep your word; client relies on you and your credibility grows or diminishes depending on how well you keep your promises; Do what you say, or don't say it | Fidelity |
| Any act that threatens a client; no physical contact need occur, just a threatening action | Assault |
| When touching occurs without the client's permission; make sure the client understands what you are going to do before you do it | Battery |
| Taking photographs without consent of client | Invasion of privacy |
| Detaining a competent person against his or her will; both physical and verbal intimidation are included | False imprisonment |
| The omission (or commission) of an act that a reasonable and prudent person would (or would not) do | Negligence |
| Failure to exercise an accepted degree of professional skill that results in injury, loss, or damage | Malpractice |
| An agreement between the client and caregiver that documents knowledge of and agreement of treatment | Informed consent |
| When a client originates the request for mental health services | Voluntary admission |
| Process for institutionalization initiated by someone other than the client (physicians, police, and representatives of a county administrator may commit an individual for emergency treatment without a warrant) | Involuntary admission |
| What is the legal framework for practice in the state? | Professional Nurse practice act |
| Developed by specific health care discipline. Set of guidelines that provide measurable criteria for nurses, clients, and others to evaluate the quality & effectiveness of the nursing care provided | Standards of practice |
| In situations where serious harm or death may occur, mental health professionals have a specific duty to protect potential victims from possible harm; what is this duty? | Duty to warn |
| Learned pattern of behavior that shapes out thinking and serves as the basis for social, religious, and family structure | Culture |
| An oversimplified mental picture of a cultural group; may take negative, positive, or traditional form | Stereotype |
| Set of assumptions, values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of a group. Members predict one another's actions and react accordingly | Shared |
| Although culture defines the dominant values; beliefs, and behaviors, it does not determine al the behaviors in any group | Individual behavior |
| Use of ______, how ________ is perceived and received; form of non-verbal communication | Touch |
| Area that surrounds the client - an invisible "bubble" that travels with a person | Space |
| Area the client needs to gain control over to claim for themselves | Territory |
| The concept of __________ is rooted in a cultures basic orientation; Problems with __________ may be based in the client's cultural orientation or psychiatric illness. | Time |
| Attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority or make up for deficiency | Compensation |
| Refusal to acknowledge conflict and thus escapes reality of situation | Denial |
| Putting of one's own unacceptable thoughts, wishes, emotions onto others | Projection |
| Use of a "good" (but not real) reason to explain behavior to make unacceptable motivation more acceptable | Rationalization |
| Coping with present conflict or stress by returning to earlier more secure stage of life | Regression |
| Unconscious channeling of unacceptable behaviors into constructive, more socially approved areas | Sublimation |
| Removal of conflict by removing anxiety from consciousness | Suppression |
| Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations | Piaget's developmental stages |
| Trust/Mistrust | Infancy (Birth to 1 yr) |
| Autonomy/Shame & Doubt | Early childhood (1-3 yr) |
| Initiative/Guilt | Preschool (3-6 yr) |
| Industry/Inferiority | School age (6-12 yr) |
| Identity/Diffusion | Adolescence (12-18 yr) |
| Intimacy/Isolation | Young Adult (18-25 yr) |
| Generativity/Stagnation | Middle Adulthood (25-65 yr) |
| Integrity/Despair | Maturity (65-death) |
| Established human needs into a hierarchy | Maslow |
| Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion | Physiological |
| Security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property | Safety |
| Friendship, family sexual intimacy | Love/Belonging |
| Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others | Esteem |
| Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts | Self-actualization |
| Mainstream of health care practices in the modern world is based on methods of treatment; Practitioners use medical and surgical methods to treat disease and injury by finding what's wrong and fixing it. (includes medications) | Allopathic Medicine |
| Includes practices and treatments that agree or "work with" allopathic therapies | Complimentary Medicine |
| Practices and treatments that are used instead of conventional (allopathic) medicine | Alternative Medicine |
| Manipulation of muscles and connective tissue to relax the body and enhance well-being | Massage |
| Music and sound therapy have successfully been used to treat stress, depression, grief, schizophrenia and autism | Expressive therapy |
| Why are animal-assistive therapies used? | They are consistent and non-judgmental. They are always accepting and help ease loneliness. Work with animals has been found to promote socialization, increase empathy, encourage responsibility and commitment, and foster communication |
| What helps us to avoid the negative effects of stress? | Learning to control the body's flight or fight response |
| How do we control the body's flight or fight response? | Progressive relaxation, guided imagery and creative visualization; these can benefit the client as they don't interfere with other allopathic methods of treatment |
| Medications that act on the body's nervous system by altering the delicate chemical balances within that system | Psychotherapeutic drugs |
| Adrenergic - prepares body for fight or flight, HR & output increases, vessels in stomach constrict, pupils will dilate, bronchioles in lungs expand, increase in blood sugar & fatty acids for fuel, digestive & excretory processes are slowed | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| Cholinergic - used to conserve energy and provide balance; HR slows, decrease in circulating blood volume, sphincters relax, intestinal and glandular activity increases | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| What are four classes of psychotherapeutic drugs? | Mood stabilizers, anxiety agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics |
| Common to all persons but if it interferes with out ability to function, it becomes a disorder | Anxiety |
| Another name for antianxiety agents | Anxiolytics or "minor tranquilizers" |
| Ativan, Valium, Librium | Benzodiazepines - oldest anxiolytic, fast acting but potential for dependency and withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly |
| Azaspirones | Used for anxiety (anxiolytic) |
| Can take typically 1-4 weeks before relief is noticed. However, side effects may be experienced soon after starting therapy. Any signs of toxicity (headaches, stiff neck, palpitations) should be reported to physician immediately | Antidepressants |
| Are often NOT used due to serious adverse reactions and interactions with food and drugs and strong dietary restrictions | MOAI's - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors |
| What medications do you avoid if you are taking a MOAI? | Other MOAIs and tricyclic antidepressants which may cause hyperpyrexia, severe convulsions, hypertensive crisis and death |
| Aged cheeses, avocados, bananas, beer, liver, red wine | Foods to avoid when taking MOAI's |
| Drug currently being used to treat anxiety disorders, seizures and neuropathic pain | Lyrica |
| Anti-cholinergic side effects of antidepressants | Dry mouth, nose, eyes, urinary retention, sedation, blurred vision, and excessive sweating |
| Lithium | Anti-manic; maintain balanced diet, liquid, and salt intake (DON'T use salt substitute) S/E: fine hand tremor, increased thirst & urination, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea/constipation |
| What can cause severe CNS depression when mixed with antipsychotics? | Alcohol, antianxiety, antihistamines, antidepressants, barbiturates (Demerol and Morphine) |
| When can antacids be given when taking antipsychotics? | 2 hours after taking medication |
| Vomiting, extreme hand tremor, sedation, muscle weakness, and dizziness | S/S of possible lithium toxicity |
| 0.6-1.2 mE/qL initially 0.8-1 mE/qL long term use | Therapeutic levels for lithium |
| Why does a patient taking lithium have to watch sodium intake? | Lithium and sodium compete for elimination from kidneys; increase in salt increases lithium elimination; decrease in salt decreases lithium elimination |
| What happens when lithium levels are too high? | Uncomfortable & possible life threatening toxicity |
| What happens when lithium levels are too low? | Manic behaviors return |
| How do you instruct a patient to take lithium? | Must take medication on regular basis at same time daily; if they miss a dose, they must wait until the next scheduled time to take medication |
| Thorazine, Haldol, Zyprexa, Seroquel, Risperdal | Antipsychotics; s/e: pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, drowsiness, headache, blurred vision |
| Inability to sit still, pacing etc. | Akathisia |
| Irreversible side effect of long-term treatment that produces involuntary repeated muscle movements in the face, trunk, and extremities (arms and legs) | Tardive dyskinesia |
| Serious and potentially fatal side effect with unstable vital signs, fever, confusion, muscle rigidity, tremor, incontinence | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) |
| Assess clients, coordinate care, administer medications, monitor & evaluate client responses, teach clients about their medications | Nurses responsibilities relating to psychotherapeutic drug administration |
Created by:
tandkhopkins
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