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Intro to ethics

legal and ethical issues in nursing chap 1

QuestionAnswer
Ethical values are subject to philosophical, moral, and individual interpretations.
Metaethics attempts to analyze the meaning, justification, and inferences of moral concepts and statements
Normative theories are universally applicable, involve questions and obligations on the part of the decision makers.
Deontological theories derive norms and rules from the duties human beings owe one another by virtue of commitments that are made and roles that are assumed.
Act deontology based on the personal moral values of the person making the ethical decision.
Rule deontology based on the belief that certain standards for ethical decisions transcend the individual’s moral values.
Utilitarianism what makes an action right or wrong is its utility.
Rule utilitarianism seeks the greatest happiness for all.
Act utilitarianism attempts to determine, in a given situation, which course of action will bring about the greatest happiness, or the least harm and suffering, to a single individual.
Autonomy personal freedom and self-determination-the right to choose what will happen to one’s own person.
Beneficence actions one takes should promote good.
Nonmaleficence one should do no harm, including the inflicting of pain and suffering on others.
Veracity concerns truth telling and incorporates the concept that individuals should always tell the truth.
Fidelity keeping one’s promises or commitments.
Paternalism allows no collaboration in the decision-making process, but totally removes the decision from the patient or the patient’s family members.
Justice people should be treated fairly and equally.
Respect for others highest principle, acknowledges the right of the individual to make decisions and to live or die based on those decisions.
Advocacy concerns the active support of an important cause or issue.
Autonomy model facilitates decision making for the competent patient.
Patient benefit model uses substituted judgment and facilitates decision making for the incompetent patient.
Social justice model considers broad social issues and is accountable to the institution.
Created by: rcline@
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