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Standard 4 Dozier

Earth Science Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Hydrosphere All the water on the Earth. 97% is found in oceans.
Freshwater Usable water that is not salty. Almost 70% is stored as ice.
Crust Outer most layer of the Earth. Thinnest layer.
Inner Core Innermost part of the Earth's core. Made of liquid.
Outer Core Second part of the Earth's core. Made of Solid.
Mantle Thickest layer of the Earth. Made of two parts: upper mantle and lower mantle.
Lithosphere Made of the Earth's crust and upper mantle.
Atmosphere Blanket of air and dust that surrounds the Earth. Made of mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). Made of several layers.
Mineral A solid, nonliving material found in the ground.
Rock A solid, nonliving material made up of one or more minerals.
Igneous Rock Rock made from magma or lava.
Sedimentary Rock Formed from sediment over long periods of time. Fossils are often found in these rocks.
Metamorphic Rock Rocks formed when heat and pressure are applied to surface rocks that have been pushed deep inside the Earth.
Soil The top part of the Earth made of sediment, water, air, and remains of living things.
Humus Soil made of the remains of living things.
Topsoil Top layer of soil. Where plants grow.
Landform Surface features on Earth. Ex. Valley, delta, beach, river
Constructive Process A process that builds Earth's surface up.
Destructive Process Process that wears Earth's surface down.
Weathering The breaking down of Earth's surface. Ex. Wind and water slowly break apart rock.
Erosion When sediment from the Earth's surface is picked up and moved by wind or water. Ex. glacier can scrape the Earth's surface and pick up boulders and cause valleys to form.
Deposition The dropping of material by water, wind, or glaciers. (to put)
Weather The condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place.
Thermometer A tool that tells how warm the air is.
Precipitation Water that falls from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Rain Gauge A tool that measures the amount of rain that falls.
Anemometer A tool that measures wind speed.
Air Pressure The weight of the atmosphere pressing in all directions at a certain place.
Barometer A tool that measures air pressure
Humidty The amount of water vapor in the air.
Hygrometer A tool that measures humidity.
Drought A long period with little or no rain.
Habitat The place where an organism or group of organisms live.
Deforestation The clearing of forest lands for human use.
Pollution The release of a harmful substance into the environment.
Natural Resource Things found in nature that are useful to people.
Nonrenewable Resource Natural resources that cannot be easily replaced. Ex. steel, aluminum, and gasoline
Renewable Resource Natural Resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which they are used. Ex. freshwater, air, sunlight, soil, and living things.
Conserve To use is wisely to avoid using it up.
Fossil Fuel Fuels made from the remains of living things that died millions of years ago. Ex. oil, coal, and natural gas. (Nonrenewable Resource)
Reuse To use materials or products more than once.
Reducing To use less of a material for a certain purpose.
Recycling To process used materials to make new products.
Axis An imaginary line that runs through Earth. The reason the Earth is tilted. Causes the Earth to have seasons.
Rotate To spin. The Earth spins on its axis and takes 24 hrs to complete one turn. Causes day and night.
Revolve To move in a fixed path around another object. The Earth moves around the sun in 365 days or one year.
Orbit The path the Earth takes around the Sun.
Waning moon The moon appears to get smaller
Waxing Moon The moon appears to get larger
Crescent Moon When less that half the moon is visible.
Gibbous Moon When more than half the moon is visible.
Created by: bdozier
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