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Section 7
Notes from CRC Exam Prep Book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are formal assessment approaches used? | to determine eligibility for services, provide diagnostic information, assist individuals with reaching career goals, evaluate effectiveness of intervention strategies, recommend course of action. |
| What is an assessment? | any systematic method of obtaining information from tests and other sources, used to draw inferences about people, objects, or programs. |
| What is a test? | an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior |
| What is a measurement? | the assignment of numbers to attributes of persons according to rules stated explicitly |
| What is a vocational assessment? | o Involves exploring a person’s strengths, weaknesses, and preferences |
| What can assessment procedures include? | o Interviews o Standardized tests o Inventories o Observations o Job tryouts o Simulated tasks o Medical evaluations |
| What does an initial interview do in assessments? | Generates a social-vocational history |
| What is the focus of an initial interview in assessments? | Determining reason for rehab services Provide indwith necessary info about role/function of agency Develop adequate rapport Initiate diagnostic process Inform of medical, vocational, or psychological evaluations that must be done. |
| Where is a medical evaluation required in assessments? | All public state rehab agencies when working with a consumer with a physical disability or chronic illness |
| What is a medical evaluation used for in an assessment? | Establish the presence and extent of disability Provide information on physical functioning Determine types of activities precluded by disability Identify any additional medical evaluation necessary |
| What does a medical evaluation provide in an assessment? | Information clarifying consumer’s general health Information describing of the extent, stability, and prognosis – and treatment Assessment of present and future implications |
| What does a psychological evaluation do in an assessment? | o Yield information regarding consumers’ intelligence, aptitudes, achievement, personality, interests, and adjustment |
| What does a psychological evaluation help determine in an assessment? | Appropriateness of long-term vocational training Need for adjustment services Need to confront consumer regarding unrealistic vocational choices |
| What do vocational evaluation provide reliable and information to? | info about vocationally relevant levels of functioning potential for behavior change/skill acquisition most effective learning style possible jobs without vocational services education or special training programs feasible jobs community supports |
| What is a nominal scale? | classifies, assigns numerals but does not distinguish size. (any categorical variable such as ethnicity or gender) |
| What is an ordinal scale? | indication of ordering, but no indication of distances between objects on scale (placing first, second, third) |
| What is an interval? | equal intervals on scale (temperature) |
| What is a ratio? | possesses a nonarbitrary zero point (weight |
| What are different types of reliability? | test-retest, split-half, parallel forms, cronbach's alpha |
| what is reliability? | measure of consistency |
| What is test retest reliability measure? | measure of consistency over time |
| What is split-half reliability measure? | measure of internal consistency. Same group, different parts of test (odds vs. evens) |
| What does parallel forms reliability measure? | measure of consistency of scores with same group, two alternate forms of test |
| What does Cronbach's Alpha measure? | internal consistency statistic calculated from pairwise correlations |
| What is validity? | Extent to which meaningful and appropriate inferences can be made; does test measure what it is supposed to measure? |
| What are the different types of validity? | face, content, criterion (predictive), construct |
| What does face validity measure? | appraisal of test’s content based on ‘face’ of test (looking at content only) |
| What does content validity measure? | evaluation by subject matter experts of test items’; representative of construct being measured |
| What does criterion validity measure? | comparison of test with a related outcome measure |
| What does construct validity measure? | extent to which the measure actually measures the theoretical construct |
| What is self-referenced interpretation? | when a score is compared with an internal frame of reference (changes in an individual’s performance on a test over time |
| What is criterion reference interpretation? | when a score is compared with an absolute standard |
| What is norm referenced interpretation? | when a score is compared with scores obtained by other individuals |
| Whhat is a raw score? | is performance on a test; meaningless without additional information |
| What is a standard score? | can be yielded as results and be used to make norm-referenced interpretations |
| What is the mean and sd of a Z-score? | M = 0; SD = 1 |
| What is the mean and sd of a t-score? | M= 50; SD = 10 |
| What is the mean and sd of an IQ score? | M = 100; SD = 15 |
| What is the WAIS? | Full-scale intelligent quotient & General ability Index |
| What are teh four indices of the WAIS? | o Verbal Comprehension Index o Perceptual Reasoning Index o Working Memory Index o Processing Speed Index |
| What does the Standford-Binet measure and do? | intelligence test that has nonverbal subtests and generates FSIQ |
| What is the Peabody Picture Vocabulary test-3? | Untimed, easily administered, oral test of intelligence |
| Who is the Peabody Picture Vocabulary test-3 good for? | Good for those with intellectual disabilities |
| What is the Slossen Intelligence test-revised 3? | Easily administered, Individual, Oral test of verbal intelligence |
| Who is the Slossen Intelligence test-revised 3 good for? | Good for those with visual impairments, reading difficulty, and physical disabilities. |
| What are aptitude tests? | assess skills and abilities; predict how successful one will be at learning |
| When was the General aptitude test founded? | 1947 |
| What 8 aptitudes are tested? | o General learning ability o Verbal aptitude o Numeric aptitude o Spatial aptitude o Form perception o Clerical perception o Motor coordination o Finger dexterity o Manual dexterity |
| What is the mean and SD of the General Aptitude Test? | mean of 100 and Sd of 20 |
| What are the three types of scores associated with the general aptitude test? | Cognitive, perceptual, psychomotor scores |
| What are the 10 aptitudes tested in the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery? | o General science o Work knowledge o Paragraph comprehension o Electronics information o Code speed o Arithmetic reasoning o Mathematics knowledge o Mechanical comprehension o Auto and shop information o Numerical operations |
| What is the differential aptitude tests-fifth edition form c used for? | vocational and education counseling guidance? |
| What are the different portions of the differential aptitude tests-fifth edition form c? | o Verbal reasoning o Numeric reasoning o Abstract reasoning o Perceptual speed and accuracy o Mechanical reasoning o Space relations o Spelling o Language usage |
| What is an achievement test? | what have individuals learned |
| What are the three most common standardized achievement tests? | • WRAT-4 • Peabody Individual Achievement Test-R • Adult Basic Learning Examination-2 |
| What are personality tests? | measure emotional, interpersonal, motivational, and attitudinal characteristics |
| What are the 10 clinical scales of the MMPI? | o Hypochondriasis (Hs) o Depression (D) o Conversion Hysteria (Hy) o Psychopathic deviate (Pd) o Masculinity-Femininity (MF) o Paranoia (Pa) o Psychasthenia (Pt) o Schizophrenia (Sc) o Hypomania (Ma) o Social Introversion (O or Si) |
| What are the four scales of the myers briggs? | o Extroversion (E) vs. Introversion (I) o Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N) o Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F) o Judgment (J) vs. Perception (P) |
| What type of test is the MMPI? | Personality |
| What type of test is the Myers'Briggs? | Personality |
| On-job-evals (OJE | assess functioning in actual work settings where they are involved in activities presumed to be compatible with interests and skills. Time period can range from a single day to a month or longer. |
| Supported Employment | can occur after the persons has assumed the job. Used to predict what a person can do in job with supports in place. |
| Ecological Assessments | occurs in a natural setting, such as actual worksites |
| Situational Assessments | offer a work assessment approach where a consumer’s job performance and work behaviors are systematically observed in a realistic and controlled working environment. |
| What are different types of vocational tests? | • Self-Directed Search • Strong Interest Inventory • Reading-Free Vocational Interest Inventory • Work Samples Assessment |
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