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Astronomy Test PreAP

Astronomy Test Review for Pre-AP

TermDefinition
light year The distance light travels in a year.
10 If a star is 10 light years away that means it will take ___ years for light to reach us on Earth.
large We do not use kilometers or miles for distances in space because they are far too _______.
light The best place on earth to put a telescope is a place where there is no ________ pollution or atmosphere. (This is why we put telescopes on mountains, in the desert, or in space)
protostar A 'baby' star that has not yet begun nuclear fusion.
fusion In the core of a star, atoms of Hydrogen are smashed together to form helium in a process called __________.
star A sphere of glowing hot gases that is undergoing nuclear fusion in its core.
half Our sun is an average sized star that can be found about _______ of the way from the center of our galaxy.
spiral Our Milky Way galaxy is classified as a ________ galaxy.
temperature A star's color tells you the relative ____________ of the star.
brighter If you increase the size of a star it always gets ___________ or more luminous.
mass A star's ______ will always determine the path it will take during it's life cycle.
apparent magnitude The amount of light we receive on Earth from objects in space is called ________ ________.
absolute magnitude The actual or true brightness of star is called _________ __________. We also refer to this as 'luminosity'.
temperature and luminosity The HR Diagram plots the ___________ and _____________ of stars.
main sequence Our sun is a ______ __________ or 'living' star on the HR Diagram
blue giants Stars plotted on the upper left of the HR Diagram which are HOT and BRIGHT are called ______ ________.
white dwarfs Stars plotted on the lower left of the HR Diagram which are HOT and DIM are called ______ ________.
red giants Stars plotted on the upper right of the HR Diagram which are relatively COOL and BRIGHT are called ______ ________.
red dwarfs Stars plotted on the lower right of the HR Diagram which are COOL and DIM are called ______ ________.
spiral galaxies _________ _________ are galaxies that contain large amounts of gas and dust as well as lots of relatively NEW stars.
elliptical galaxies __________ ___________ are galaxies that contain very small amounts of gas and dust as well as relatively OLD stars.
irregular galaxies _________ _________ are galaxies that have no pattern or easily defined shape but they do contain large amounts of gas and dust.
nebula All stars begin and end their lives in this large cloud of gas and dust.
fusing A star is considered 'living' when it's core gets hot enough to begin ________ Hydrogen into Helium.
shorter Stars with a higher mass will live _______ lives than stars with lower mass because they burn their fuel hotter and faster.
red giant When a star runs out of Hydrogen fuel it enters the 'dying' stage, expanding and cooling off to become a _____ _______.
white dwarf When a small to average size star begins producing iron in its core, gravity cause the star to collapse, leaving behind a _____ ______ in a planetary nebula.
black dwarf When a white dwarf cools off and no longer glows it becomes a ______ _______.
supernova Large or super massive stars will explode in a ___________ at the end of their lives.
neutron Large mass stars will end up as __________ stars after they explode in a supernova.
black holes Super massive stars will end up as ________ _______ after they explode in a supernova.
light The gravity from a black hole is so strong that not even ______ can escape.
Big Bang The most universally accepted scientific theory on the origins of the universe is called the ____ ______ theory.
red shift ____ ______ is the evidence discovered by Edwin Hubble that is used to explain how distant galaxies are moving away from us.
ALL We use telescopes that cover _____ of the electromagnetic spectrum to study components of the universe.
elements We can tell how old a star is by using a spectrometer to see what type of ___________ it is made of.
pulsar A neutron star that emits radio waves and can be identified using a radio telescope is called a _________.
quasar A galaxy with a black hole at its center is called a _________.
OBAFGKM The modern classification system we use to classify stars is represented by the letters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (from hottest to coldest). Annie Jump Cannon is responsible for this classification system.
Blue (O) - Light Blue (B) - White (A) - Light Yellow (F) - Yellow (G) - Orange (K) - Red (M) Stars are classified by these colors on the HR Diagram from hottest to coldest....
G Our sun is an average star with a luminosity of 1 and a surface temperature of about 5,500 K. It is classified as a ___ class yellow star.
lowest M class stars have the ________ surface temperatures out of all stars on the HR diagram. (around 3000 C)
UV and Infrared Light that is most similar to the visible light we can see on the EMS is ___ and ________ light. (the wavelength and frequency are most similar)
Visible light When you look through an optical telescope like Galileo did, you are seeing what type of light?
narrow Visible light that we can see (ROYGBIV) only makes up a very ________ band of the Electromagnetic Spectrum.
galaxies When we look at the Hubble Deep Field image we are seeing distant __________ which are huge collections of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
visible The Hubble telescope is an optical telescope, meaning it uses mostly _______ light.
expand When our sun runs out of Hydrogen fuel, it will begin to ________ and cool off becoming a red giant, eventually consuming the Earth.
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