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Science Vocab
Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Streak | a long, narrow mark, smear, band of color |
| Compound | composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients |
| Cleavage | the act of splitting |
| Hardness | the state or quality of being hard |
| Luster | the state of quality of shining by reflecting light |
| Ore | a metal bearing mineral or rock |
| Rock | mineral matter of variable composition, consolidated or unconsolidated, assembled in masses or considerable quantities in nature, as by the action of heat or water. |
| Mineral | any of a class of substances occurring in nature, usually comprising inorganic substances, as quartz or feldspar, of definite chemical composition and usually of definite crystal structure. |
| Weathering | the various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose. |
| Texture | the visual and especially tactile quality of a surface |
| Strata | a layer of material, naturally or artificially formed, often one of a number of parallel layers one upon another |
| Extrusive igneous rock | Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma reaches the Earth's surface a volcano and cools quickly. Most extrusive (volcanic) rocks have small crystals. |
| Intrusive igneous rocks | igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly below the Earth's surface. Most intrusive rocks have large, well-formed crystals. |
| Crystal and crystal formation | Crystals often form in nature when liquids cool and start to harden. Certain molecules in the liquid gather together as they attempt to become stable. They do this in a uniform and repeating pattern that forms the crystal. |
| Fracture | the act of breaking; state of being broken. |
| Silicate | consisting of SiO 2 or SiO 4 groupings and one or more metallic ions, with some forms containing hydrogen. |
| sedimentary rocks | types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. |
| igneous rocks | Extrusive igneous rocks cool and solidify quicker than intrusive igneous rocks. They are formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth's surface. |
| metamorphic rocks | A metamorphic rock is a result of a transformation of a pre-existing rock |
| rock cycle | A metamorphic rock is a result of a transformation of a pre-existing rock |
| quarry | a place, typically a large, deep pit, from which stone or other materials are or have been extracted. |
| fossil | the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. |
| sediments | matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid |
| magma | hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. |
| lava | hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. |
| bedrock | solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium. |
| topsoil | the top layer of soil. |
| humus | the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms. |
| subsoil | subsoil |
| soil horizon | A soil horizon is a layer generally parallel to the soil crust, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. |
| soil profile | The soil profile is defined as a vertical section of the soil that is exposed by a soil pit. |
| natural resourse | materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain. |
| loam | a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus. |
| soil | the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. |
| moh's scale | a scale of hardness used in classifying minerals. It runs from 1 to 10 using a series of reference minerals, and a position on the scale depends on the ability to scratch minerals rated lower. |
| fossil fuel | a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. |
| natural resource | materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain. |
| renewable resource | A renewable resource is a resource which can be used repeatedly because it is replaced naturally. |
| non-renewable resource | A nonrenewable resource is a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption. |
| conservation | the action of conserving something, in particular. |
| uplift | an act of raising something. |
| deposition | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil. |
| density | the degree of compactness of a substance. |
| composition | the nature of something's ingredients or constituents; the way in which a whole or mixture is made up. |
| texture | the feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface or a substance. |
Created by:
ZachRaber
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