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Big Mama Rocks
Rocks, Minerals, and Soil
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Streak | The color of a mineral in powder form |
| Compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| Cleavage | The tendency of a mineral to split among specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces |
| Hardness | The relative resistance of a metal or other material to denting, scratching, or bending |
| Luster | The way in which a mineral reflects light |
| Ore | A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted |
| Rock | A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter |
| Mineral | A natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition and an orderly internal structure |
| Weathering | The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks |
| Texture | The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock's grains |
| Strata | A layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground |
| Extrusive Igneous Rocks | When the lava cools down faster forming smaller crystals |
| Intrusive Igneous Rocks | When the magma cools down slower forming larger crystals |
| Crystal | A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern |
| Crystal Formation | A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions |
| Fracture | The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material |
| Silicate | A salt in which the anion contains both silicon and oxygen |
| Sedimentary Rocks | A rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
| Igneous Rocks | A rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
| Metamorphic Rocks | A rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
| Rock Cycle | The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is broken down or melted, and forms again by geologic processes |
| Quarry | A place, typically a large, deep pit, from which stone or other materials are or have been extracted |
| Fossil | The remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. |
| Sediments | Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs. |
| Magma | Hot fluid or semi fluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. |
| Lava | Hot molten or semi fluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. |
| Bedrock | Solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium |
| Topsoil | The fertile, upper part of the soil |
| Humus | Dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals |
| Subsoil | the soil lying immediately under the surface soil |
| Soil Horizon | Each layer of soil within a soil profile |
| Soil Profile | A vertical section of soil that shows the layers, or horizons |
| Natural Resource | Any natural material that is used by humans, such as water |
| Loam | A fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus |
| Soil | A loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation |
| Moh's Scale | A scale of hardness used in classifying minerals. It runs from 1 to 10 using a series of reference minerals, and a position on the scale depends on the ability to scratch minerals rated lower. |
| Fossil Fuel | A nonrenewable energy resource formed from remains of organisms that lived long ago |
| Renewable Resource | A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed |
| Nonrenewable Resource | A resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which the resource is consumed |
| Conservation | The wise use of and preservation of natural resources |
| Uplift | The rising of regions of Earth's crust to higher elavations |
| Deposition | The process in which material is laid down |
| Density (D=M/V) | The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| Composition | The chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock |
| Texture | The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock's grains |
Created by:
BriannKline
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