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Chapter10&11
Review for test
Molecular Biology | Study of heredity at the molecular level |
R-Strain | Harmless strain |
S-strain | pathogenic strain |
T2 | virus that infects the becterium E |
bacteriophage | virus that exclusively infect bacteria |
nucleotides | sugar nitrogen containing base phosphate group |
sugar phosphate backbone | nucleotides that joined to one another by covalent bonds between sugars and phosphates |
DNA replication | All cells come from preexisting cells |
DNA helicase | Pull apart the parental DNA double helix into 2 single strands |
DNA polymerase | Connects free nucleotides |
Free nucleotides | Free to attach strands |
Semiconservative Replication | DNA replication conserves one parental starand and produces one newly synthesized strand |
Biochemical pathways | Series of linked steps where cells synthesize molecules |
mRNA | messenger |
tRNA | transfer |
rRNA | ribosomal |
Transcription | RNA synthesis |
Translation | protein synthesis |
Genetic code | Translates the sequence of bases in nucleic acids into the sequence of amino acids in proteins |
Start Codon | AUG |
Stop Codon | UAA |
mRNA triplets | Reading 3 base codons |
promoter | Untranscribed sequence of DNA bases |
3 steps to translation | 1. Initation of protein synthesis 2. Elongation of the protein chain 3. Termination |
3 steps of transcription | Initation - occurs at promoter elongation - occurs at the body of the gene Termination - occurs at end of gene with a signal |
( ) is transcribed into ( ) then translated into ( ) | DNA, RNA,Proteins |
Replicate this ATGCGATAT | TACGCTATA |
Transcribe this TAGCGTATG | AUCGCAUAC |
Sugar | DNA - Dexoyribose RNA - ribose |
Strands | DNA - Double RNA - Single |
Nitrogenous Bases | DNA - ATGC RNA - AUGC |
Base pairs | DNA - A=T G=C RNA - A=U G=C |