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Chapter10&11
Review for test
| Molecular Biology | Study of heredity at the molecular level |
| R-Strain | Harmless strain |
| S-strain | pathogenic strain |
| T2 | virus that infects the becterium E |
| bacteriophage | virus that exclusively infect bacteria |
| nucleotides | sugar nitrogen containing base phosphate group |
| sugar phosphate backbone | nucleotides that joined to one another by covalent bonds between sugars and phosphates |
| DNA replication | All cells come from preexisting cells |
| DNA helicase | Pull apart the parental DNA double helix into 2 single strands |
| DNA polymerase | Connects free nucleotides |
| Free nucleotides | Free to attach strands |
| Semiconservative Replication | DNA replication conserves one parental starand and produces one newly synthesized strand |
| Biochemical pathways | Series of linked steps where cells synthesize molecules |
| mRNA | messenger |
| tRNA | transfer |
| rRNA | ribosomal |
| Transcription | RNA synthesis |
| Translation | protein synthesis |
| Genetic code | Translates the sequence of bases in nucleic acids into the sequence of amino acids in proteins |
| Start Codon | AUG |
| Stop Codon | UAA |
| mRNA triplets | Reading 3 base codons |
| promoter | Untranscribed sequence of DNA bases |
| 3 steps to translation | 1. Initation of protein synthesis 2. Elongation of the protein chain 3. Termination |
| 3 steps of transcription | Initation - occurs at promoter elongation - occurs at the body of the gene Termination - occurs at end of gene with a signal |
| ( ) is transcribed into ( ) then translated into ( ) | DNA, RNA,Proteins |
| Replicate this ATGCGATAT | TACGCTATA |
| Transcribe this TAGCGTATG | AUCGCAUAC |
| Sugar | DNA - Dexoyribose RNA - ribose |
| Strands | DNA - Double RNA - Single |
| Nitrogenous Bases | DNA - ATGC RNA - AUGC |
| Base pairs | DNA - A=T G=C RNA - A=U G=C |