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RNSG 1343 Thrombocyt
Chapter 29 Platelet disorders Thrombocytopenia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thrombocytopenia | – Platelet count less than 100,000 per mL blood – Can lead to abnormal bleeding – Platelets of less than 20,000 can lead to spontaneous bleeding and hemorrhage from minor trauma. |
| Thrombocytopenia results from one of three mechanisms | – Decreased production – Increased sequestration in spleen – Accelerated destruction |
| Control of bleeding | – Complex interactions between damaged tissue, blood vessel, platelets, clotting factors – Processes to dissolve clots once bleeding has been controlled – Thrombopoietin produced by liver, kidney, smooth muscle, bone marrow – Platelets |
| Immune thrombocytopenic purpura | – Autoimmune disorder—accelerated platelet destruction |
| Manifestations of Immune thrombocytopenic purpura | • Petechiae • Purpura • Bruising • Epistaxis • Hematuria • Excess menstrual bleeding • Bleeding gums |
| Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | – Rare disorder – Thrombi occlude arterioles/capillaries of microcirculation |
| Manifestations of Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | • Purpura • Petechiae • Headache • Seizures • Altered consciousness |
| Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | – Result of abnormal response to heparin therapy |
| Manifestations of Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | • Bleeding • Arterial thrombosis • Venous thrombosis |
| Diagnostic tests for thrombocytopenia | – CBC with platelet count – Antinuclear antibodies – Serologic studies – Bone marrow examination |
| Treatments for thrombocytopenia | – Platelet transfusions – Plasmapheresis or plasma exchange therapy |
| Surgery for thrombocytopenia | – Splenectomy |
| Nursing Diagnosis for thrombocytopenia | – Ineffective Protection – Impaired Oral Mucous Membranes |
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