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6th Unit 3c
Geology: Rocks and Minerals
Term | Definition |
---|---|
igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |
sedimentary rock | a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
metamorphic rock | a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
rock cycle | a slow process that recycles rocks |
fossil | the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past |
lithification | the process in which sediments compact under pressure, fluids fill in between spaces of particles crystallize and create rock by cementation |
sediment | bits of sand, rocks, shells, dirt that settle to the bottom of a liquid |
extrusive rock | igneous rock that formed outside of the Earth |
intrusive rock | igneous rock that formed inside the Earth |
cleavage | to break into a smooth surface |
mineral | a natural inorganic substance with a definite chemical make up |
granite | common intrusive igneous rock |
basalt | the most common igneous rock made from lava |
grit | small hard particles of stone |
crystallized | to form or cause to form crystals |
molten | made liquid by great heat |
atoms | the smallest particle of an element |
element | one of the simple substances, such as gold iron, carbon, sulfur, oxygen and vapors |
graphite | one of the softest minerals able to leave a mark |
stone | chalky sedimentary rock |
gypsum | sedimentary rock formed by evaporation of salt water |
zinc | ore found in deposits of sedimentary volcanic rocks |
ore | source of most useful metals |
conglomerate | rounded rocks (pebbles, boulders) cemented together in a matrix |
compaction | the process that presses sediments together |
cementation | the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together |