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6th Unit 3c
Geology: Rocks and Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |
| sedimentary rock | a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| rock cycle | a slow process that recycles rocks |
| fossil | the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past |
| lithification | the process in which sediments compact under pressure, fluids fill in between spaces of particles crystallize and create rock by cementation |
| sediment | bits of sand, rocks, shells, dirt that settle to the bottom of a liquid |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that formed outside of the Earth |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that formed inside the Earth |
| cleavage | to break into a smooth surface |
| mineral | a natural inorganic substance with a definite chemical make up |
| granite | common intrusive igneous rock |
| basalt | the most common igneous rock made from lava |
| grit | small hard particles of stone |
| crystallized | to form or cause to form crystals |
| molten | made liquid by great heat |
| atoms | the smallest particle of an element |
| element | one of the simple substances, such as gold iron, carbon, sulfur, oxygen and vapors |
| graphite | one of the softest minerals able to leave a mark |
| stone | chalky sedimentary rock |
| gypsum | sedimentary rock formed by evaporation of salt water |
| zinc | ore found in deposits of sedimentary volcanic rocks |
| ore | source of most useful metals |
| conglomerate | rounded rocks (pebbles, boulders) cemented together in a matrix |
| compaction | the process that presses sediments together |
| cementation | the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together |