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Chapter 3. HBH&I
3. Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is the structural and functional unit of all living matter | Cell |
| The cell membrane is also called the ______ membrane | Plasma |
| What separates the intracellular (inside the cell) material from the extracellular (outside the cell) material | Cell membrane |
| The cell membrane can select what substances are allowed to cross it and it is said to be selectively permeable, or _________ | Semipermeable |
| The cell membrane is composed primarily of ______ and _______ | Phospholipids and protein |
| This structure contains cellular contents, is a phospholipid bilayer, and regulates what enters and leaves the cell | Cell membrane |
| Surrounds and supports organelles and is the gel–like substance found inside the cell but outside the nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| This type of endoplasmic reticulum is where protein is synthesized | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| This type of endoplasmic reticulum is where lipids and steroids are made | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| This intracellular structure converts energy in nutrients to ATP ( power plant of the cell) | Mitochondria |
| This intracellular structure packages protein in membranes | Golgi apparatus |
| This structure is the site of protein synthesis | Ribosomes |
| These structures contain powerful enzymes to destroy waste, bacteria, etc. Also known as the "housekeepers" of the cell | Lysosomes |
| This structure provides for intracellular shape and support | cytoskeleton |
| These structures separate chromosomes during mitosis | Centrioles |
| These create movement over the cell surface | Cilia |
| These structures allow sperm to swim | Flagella |
| the control center of the cell that contains genetic information is called the ______ | Nucleus |
| The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus is called the ______ membrane | Nuclear |
| The gel like substance within the nucleus is called _______ | nucleoplasm |
| The structures inside the cell are called little organs or __________ | Organelles |
| The inner layer of the mitochondria that has many folds is referred to as _______ | Cristae |
| What structure in the cell membrane allows substances to pass that will not dissolve within the phospholipid bilayer | Pores ( holes in the membrane formed by proteins) |
| Substances can be moved across the cell membrane with or without the use of energy (ATP). This is called ______ transport (without energy) and ______ transport (with energy) | Passive, Active |
| Name the four types of passive transport | Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis, and Filtration |
| Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ________ | Diffusion |
| The most common transport mechanism is _______ | Diffusion |
| A helper molecule helps move a substance from an area of high to low concentration. This is called __________ | Facilitated diffusion |
| Movement of water (solvent) from an area with more water to an area with less water is called __________ | Osmosis |
| Movement of water/dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure is called _________ | Filtration |
| Movement of a substance from low to high concentration that requires ATP is called a/an ___________ | Active transport pumps |
| A general term for taking in or ingestion of water or solids by the cell membrane is _______ | Endocytosis |
| Cellular eating. Taking in solid particles via the cell membrane | Phagocytosis |
| Taking in water droplets by the cell membrane ( Cellular drinking) is called ________ | Pinocytosis |
| Secretion of cellular products out of the cell is called ________ | Exocytosis |
| When the concentrations on both sides of a membrane are the same a state called _______ has been reached | Equilibrium |
| _________ is the ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell | Tonicity |
| A/an ______ solution is one in which the solution has the same concentration as the intracellular fluid | Isotonic |
| If the solution has a lower concentration than that found inside a cell, the solution is said to be ________ | Hypotonic |
| If a solution has a higher concentration than that found inside a cell, the solution is said to be ___________ | Hypertonic |
| This type of cell division is involved in bodily growth and repair. It results in two identical "daughter cells" | Mitosis |
| The cell cycle is divided into two major phases: ________ and _______ | Interphase, mitosis |
| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are stages of ________ | Mitosis |
| When a cell develops it begins to specialize or _______ to produce a specific cell type | Differentiate |
| What is the name of a cell that is relatively undifferentiated and whose function is the production of additional unspecialized cells | Stem cells |
| A noncancerous tumor could also be called ________ | Benign |
| A cancerous tumor could also be called a ______ tumor | Malignant |
| The spreading of cancer cells is called _________ | Metastasis |
| Cell death is also called cell ________ | Necrosis |
| A decrease in the size of the cells, leading to a wasting away of tissues and organs | Atrophy |
| Abnormal cell growth with a change in cell size, shape, and organization. These are said to be pre–cancerous | Dysplasia |
| Overgrowth or increase in the numbers of cells that increases the size of tissues and organs | Hyperplasia |
| Transformation of one cell type into another | Metaplasia |
| Death of cells or groups of cells | Necrosis |
| Abnormal new growth, also called a tumor. Can be cancerous or benign | Neoplasm |
| This type of cell division occurs only in sex cells | Meiosis |
Created by:
joniparson1
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