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6.E.2.2

Plate Tectonics - Mountains, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes

TermDefinition
Tectonic Plates A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle. (Fits together like a puzzle piece.)
Plate Boundaries A place where tectonic plates touch; there are three types: convergent (collide), divergent (divide), and transform (slide passed each other).
Lithosphere The outermost, rigid layer of the earth. Made of two parts – the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. It is divided into pieces called tectonic plates.
Mountain-building Mountains form from converging plate boundaries. (colliding).
Earthquake Occurs at plate boundaries; when plates divide, collide, or slide passed each other, that activity and movement could cause stored energy to be released through the earth.
Volcanic Eruptions Built up pressure from gas production causes the magma from the mantle to release through the earth.
Mid-Ocean Ridge A hole in the crust in which magma rises to produce new crust, thus forming mountains and volcanoes.
Seismologist scientist that studies earthquakes.
Seismograph an instrument that records and measures earthquakes.
Frequency The number of waves in a given amount of time.
Amplitude The amount of energy stored within the wave. (Change in position of particles). Distance particles are vibrated as wave energy travels through it.
Wavelength The distance between crests/troughs, or compression/rarefactions.
P-Waves (Primary) Primary Wave (pressure wave) travels through solids, liquids, and gases. They are the fastest seismic waves and cause particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth motion.
S-Waves (Secondary) Secondary Wave (shear waves) travels through only solids. They are slower than P Waves and cause particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction.
Surface Waves Move along the Earth’s surface and produce motion mostly in the upper few km of the Earth’s crust. Two types: up and down motion, back and forth motion (s-waves). They travel more slowly than P and S waves and are more destructive.
Created by: codymcmaster
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