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Chemistry Key Terms
Junior cert chemistry
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Matter | ANYTHING that occupies space and has mass |
Solute | The substance being dissolved |
Solvent | the liquid the solute is dissolving in |
Crystallisation | the forming of crystals by cooling a saturated solution |
Mixture | consists of 2 or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined |
An Element | a substance made up of only one type of atom |
A Molecule | composed of 2 or more atoms chemically combined |
Compounds | consists of 2 or more elements chemically combined |
An Atom | the smallest part of an element that still has properties of that element |
Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom of that element |
Mass Number | the amount of protons AND Neutrons in an atom of that element |
Isotopes | atoms of the same element which have a different number of neutrons |
An Ionic Bond | the force of attraction between OPPOSITELY charged ions |
An Ion | a charged atom OR group of atoms |
Alloy | a mixture of metals eg. BRONZE |
Rusting | the corrosion of Iron |
Malleable | Metal that can be hammered into shape |
Ductile | metal that can be stretched |
Fuel | a substance that burns oxygen to produce heat |
Fossil Fuel | formed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago |
Hydrocarbons | compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon |
The PH Scale | indicates the acidity OR basicity of a solution |
Catalyst | a substance that speeds up a reaction without getting used up |
Screening | water passes through a wire mesh and large particles are removed |
Settling | water is left in large tank and ALUM is added to clump smaller particles together and they sink to the bottom |
Filtration | water is passed through beds of sand to remove insoluble particles |
Chlorination | chlorine is added to kill bacteria |
Fluoridation | fluorine is added to prevent tooth decay |
Electrolysis | the splitting of a compound by passing electricity through it |
Meniscus | the curved surface of a liquid in a vessel |
Hard water | water that doesn't lather easily |
Soft water | water the produces lather easily |
Polymerisation | small repeating units called monomers join together to form a large molecule called polymer |
Covalent Bonding | eg carbon dioxide |