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PathLabs
Misc stuff from path lab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What effect do the granulomas seen in giant cell arteritis have on the strength of the vascular wall. | (aka temporal arteritis) They actually make the wall stronger, not weaker. |
Possible complication of giant cell (temporal) arteritis | Blurred vision and blindness and stroke |
Why does a | |
C-anca is the marker for | Wegeners and microscopic polyangitis |
P-ANCA is marker for | Churg-Strauss and microscopic polyangitis |
IgA is marker for | IgA nephropathy and Henoch-schlon purpura |
How does a hemorrhagic infarct occur in the lungs? | Blockage of the pulmonary artery leads to ischemic necrosis, but because the lungs have dual blood supply, the anastomosis with the bronchial arteries supplies the lungs, but it is at a higher pressure. This ruptures the vessels leading to ischemic infrct |
Why might a patient with sudden onset of severe angina present with clinical finding of differences in BP and pulse pressure b/w left and right arm? | Dissecting aortic aneurysm |
Aortic wall changes with blue staining upon alcian blue staining of tissue | Medial degeration of the aorta or medial cystic necrosis of the aorta |
What echo findings would be present in person in hypertensive emergency | LV Hypertrophy, decreased LEDV, Calcified aorta |
Elevated P-ANCA suggests.... Elevated C-ANCA suggests? | P-ANCA: Churg-Strauss. C-ANCA: Wegeneres or microscopic polyangitis. |
Inflammation and rupture / aneurysm of small vessels within the kidney is a feature of what vasulitidis | Polyarteritis Nodosa )(PAN) |
Granulomatous of the renal arteries (branches of aorta) is a feature of what vasulitidis | Takayasu |
Does aortic stenosis result in a volume overload or a pressure overload? | Pressure overload first. |
What is the cause of heart failure n aortic stenosis? | Systolic dysfunction with pressure overload. |
What is the cause of nutmeg liver | Chronic passive venous congestion of systemic circuit in rigth sided heart failure. |
Heart failure cells can be found in the... | Lungs / sputum. |
S1 is loudest in mitral stenosis or mitral insufficiency? | Mitral stenosis. S1 is the sound made by Mitral / tricuspid closure, In mitral insufficiency, valve cannot close completely |
Comare lung bx findings of chronic LSHF and acute LSHF | Chronic -> brown induration in lungs (heart failure cells. Acute -> pink frothy sputum due to pulm edema. |
What is the most common *CYANOTIC* CHD | TOF |
Rhabdomyoma vs myxoma | Rhabdomyoma has spider cells (embryonic rhabdonyoblasts) myxoma = loose connective made of GAGs. Spindle shaped / star shaped. |
Pregnancy can cause what type of cardiomyopathy? | Dilated cardiomyopathy. |
Expected thickness of LV in dilated cadiomyopathy? | 1.5 to 2.0 cm (normal to slightly thickened) |
What is von-hippil lindau syndrome | multifactorial genetic d/o characterized by hemangioblastomas in the brain, *retinas*, and other parts of the body. |
Trigeminal port wine stain is indicative of what dz | sturge-webber. This is the major way to differentiate this disease from von hippel-lindau |
von-hippil lindau is due to what kind of mutation? What inheritance? | Mutation in tumor supressor gene. AD inher. |
von-hippil lindau brings increasd risk of what type of cancer? | Renal cell ca |
What is the most reliable serum marker for MI? How long after MI does it become elevated? | Triponin I... 3-4 hours after MI. Myoglobin would be the first serum marker to show elevation... but this is a very non-specific marker. |
What is dressler syndrome | Autoimmune pericarditis. |
When do PMNs infiltrate (how long after) after an MI? | ~24 hours |