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Biomedical 3.3 Vocab
Vocabulary for Unit 3.3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Allele | Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus. |
Autosome | A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome. |
Chromosome | Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material. |
Dominant Trait | A genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait. |
Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information. |
Genetic Material | Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms. |
Genotype | All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group. |
Heredity | The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant. |
Homologous Chromosome | Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order. |
Karyotype | A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. |
Meiosis | The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell. |
Mitosis | A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves a series of steps, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. |
Mutation | A rare change in the genetic material, ultimately creating genetic diversity. |
Pedigree | A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characteristics in parents and offspring over multiple generations. |
Phenotype | The observable properties of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment. |
Recessive Trait | A condition that appears only in individuals who have received two copies of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent. |
Sex Chromosome | One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual. |