Fiber than carries a nervous impulse along a nerve cell away from the cell body.

Part of the nerve cell containing the nucleus.

Branching structures that receive the nervous impulse.

Fatty tissue around the axon of a nerve cell. Helps to protect and insulate the axon. The sheath is lobed, creating gaps between layers of myelin along the axon. These gaps are called nodes of Ranvier.

Space between neurons in which the nervous impulse passes.

Distal portion of the neuron where the impulse leaves the cell.

Neurotransmitter that causes muscles to contract and aids in “dream” sleep.

Neurotransmitter that inhibits the firing of nerve cells which in turn relaxes the animal.

Neurotransmitters responsible for reducing pain and for pleasure. Endorphins are the body’s natural morphine.

Hormone that acts as a neurotransmitter to increase heart rate and blood pressure.

Neurotransmitter that causes vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure. Also called noradrenaline.

Neurotransmitter responsible for relaxation. When levels are decreased, it leads to stress and behavioral disorders.

Phagocytic cells which protect the nervous system from infection.

Oligodendroglial cells

Cells that form the myelin around the axon of the nerve cell.

Cells that line the ventricles of the brain and surround the spinal cord. They produce cerebrospinal fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord.

Dual-action cells that form myelin around the axon and act as phagocytes against foreign organisms.

Tough, outermost layer of the meninges. Blood can enter brain tissue through this layer.

Middle layer of the meninges. Also known as the arachnoid mater.

Innermost, delicate layer of the meninges which adheres to the brain and spinal cord.

Space below the subarachnoid membrane, where cerebrospinal fluid can be found.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Nerves that control involuntary functions of muscles, glands, and viscera.

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Chapter 12

Terms and Definitions for Chapter 12. Vet. Med.Terminology

Question	Answer
Axon	Fiber than carries a nervous impulse along a nerve cell away from the cell body.
Cell body	Part of the nerve cell containing the nucleus.
Dendrites	Branching structures that receive the nervous impulse.
Myelin sheath	Fatty tissue around the axon of a nerve cell. Helps to protect and insulate the axon. The sheath is lobed, creating gaps between layers of myelin along the axon. These gaps are called nodes of Ranvier.
Synapse	Space between neurons in which the nervous impulse passes.
Terminal end fibers	Distal portion of the neuron where the impulse leaves the cell.
Acetylcholine	Neurotransmitter that causes muscles to contract and aids in “dream” sleep.
Dopamine	Neurotransmitter that inhibits the firing of nerve cells which in turn relaxes the animal.
Endorphins	Neurotransmitters responsible for reducing pain and for pleasure. Endorphins are the body’s natural morphine.
Epinephrine	Hormone that acts as a neurotransmitter to increase heart rate and blood pressure.
Norepinephrine	Neurotransmitter that causes vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure. Also called noradrenaline.
Serotonin	Neurotransmitter responsible for relaxation. When levels are decreased, it leads to stress and behavioral disorders.
Microglial cells	Phagocytic cells which protect the nervous system from infection.
Oligodendroglial cells	Cells that form the myelin around the axon of the nerve cell.
Ependymal cells	Cells that line the ventricles of the brain and surround the spinal cord. They produce cerebrospinal fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord.
Schwann cells	Dual-action cells that form myelin around the axon and act as phagocytes against foreign organisms.
Dura mater	Tough, outermost layer of the meninges. Blood can enter brain tissue through this layer.
Arachnoid membrane	Middle layer of the meninges. Also known as the arachnoid mater.
Pia mater	Innermost, delicate layer of the meninges which adheres to the brain and spinal cord.
Epidural space	Space above the dura mater.
Subdural space	Space below the dura mater.
Subarachnoid space	Space below the subarachnoid membrane, where cerebrospinal fluid can be found.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)	Nerves that control involuntary functions of muscles, glands, and viscera.

Created by: andreac97

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