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Blackwell Final
Blackwell Final pt. 1 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mycelium | The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae. |
| binary fission | splitting into two organisms approximately equal in size |
| conjugation | temporary union or permanent fusion as a form of sexual reproduction in certain algae and fungi, the male gametes of one organism uniting with female gametes of the other |
| bacteriophage | any of a group of viruses that infect specific bacteria, usually causing their disintegration or dissolution. |
| cyanobacteria | blue-green algae, prokaryotic |
| endospores | The inner layer of the wall of a spore |
| zygospores | a cell/spore formed by fusion of two similar gametes, as in certain algae and fungi. |
| haustoria | A specialized absorbing structure of a parasitic plant, such as the rootlike outgrowth of the dodder, that obtains food from a host plant. |
| molting | to cast or shed the feathers, skin, or the like, that will be replaced by a new growth. |
| tympanic membrane | ear drum |
| lateral line system | the lateral line is a sense organ used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water. |
| Jacbson's organ | mainly used to detect pheromones, chemical messengers that carry information between individuals of the same species (snakes flicking tongue) |
| pit viper | snakes having a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head between the eye and nostril. |
| constrictor | a snake that kills its prey by coiling tightly around it, causing suffocation. |
| peristalsis | the progressive wave of contraction and relaxation of a tubular muscular system, esp. the alimentary canal, by which the contents are forced through the system. |
| cerebrum | the anterior and largest part of the brain, consisting of two halves or hemispheres and serving to control voluntary movements and coordinate mental actions. |
| cerebellum | a large portion of the brain, serving to coordinate voluntary movements, posture, and balance in humans, being in back of and below the cerebrum and consisting of two lateral lobes and a central lobe. |
| medulla oblongata | the lowest or hindmost part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. |
| rods | one of the rodlike cells in the retina of the eye, sensitive to low intensities of light |
| cones | one of the cone-shaped cells in the retina of the eye, sensitive to color and intensity of light. |
| nephron | the filtering and excretory unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and tubules. |
| ureters | a muscular duct or tube conveying the urine from a kidney to the bladder or cloaca. |
| urethra | the membranous tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior |
| antigen | any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them. |
| antibody | any of numerous Y-shaped protein molecules produced by B cells as a primary immune defense, each molecule and its clones having a unique binding site that can combine with the complementary site of a foreign antigen, as on a virus or bacterium. |
| antibiotic | can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. |
| infectious disease | ny disease caused by the entrance, growth, and multiplication of bacteria or protozoans in the body; a germ disease. It may not be contagious. |
| pathogen | any disease-producing agent, esp. a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism. |
| toxin | A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins. |
| immunity | the state of being immune from or insusceptible to a particular disease or the like. |
| nitrogen fixation | any process of combining atmospheric nitrogen with other elements, either by chemical means or by bacterial action |
| reverse transcriptase | a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into single-stranded DNA |
| host cell | A cell that harbors foreign molecules, viruses, or microorganisms. For example, a cell being host to a virus. |
| endocrine gland | any of various glands, as the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands, that secrete certain substances or hormones directly into the blood or lymph; ductless gland. |
| thyroid gland | a two-lobed endocrine gland, located at the base of the neck that secretes two hormones that regulate the rates of metabolism, growth, and development. |
| Calorie | one thousand small calories |
| rectum | the comparatively straight, terminal section of the intestine, ending in the anus. |
| target tissue | The biological tissue(s) most adversely affected by exposure to a chemical substance. |
| lichen | A fungus, usually of the class Ascomycetes, that grows symbiotically with algae, resulting in a composite organism that characteristically forms a crustlike or branching growth on rocks or tree trunks. |
| mycorrhizae | The symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of certain plants, such as conifers, beeches, or orchids. |
| ascospores | n. A sexually produced fungal spore formed within an ascus. (the sac in ascomycetes in which the sexual spores are formed.) |
| basidiospores | a spore that is borne by a basidium. |
| hyphae | one of the threadlike elements of the mycelium. |
| bile | A bitter, alkaline, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum and aids in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats |
| epiglottis | a thin, valvelike, cartilaginous structure that covers the glottis during swallowing, preventing the entrance of food and drink into the larynx. |
| esophagus | a muscular passage connecting the mouth or pharynx with the stomach in invertebrate and vertebrate animals |
| amylase | any of several digestive enzymes that break down starches. |
| pepsin | an enzyme, produced in the stomach, that in the presence of hydrochloric acid splits proteins into proteoses and peptones. |
| tolerance | ya'know |
| reflex | any automatic, unthinking, often habitual behavior or response. |
| neurotransmitters | any of several chemical substances, as epinephrine or acetylcholine, that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element, as another nerve, muscle, or gland. |
| synapse | A gap between two nerve cells. Nerve signals are sent across the gap by neurotransmitters. |
| addiction | Compulsive physiological and psychological need for a habit-forming substance |
| semicircular canals | any of the three curved tubular canals in the labyrinth of the ear, associated with the sense of equilibrium. |
| narcotics | 1. An addictive drug, such as opium, that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor. Natural and synthetic narcotics are used in medicine to control pain. |
| depressants | having the quality of depressing or lowering the vital activities; sedative. |
| hallucinogen | a substance that produces hallucinations. |
| cochlea | a spiral-shaped cavity forming a division of the internal ear in humans and in most other mammals. |
| axon | the appendage of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body. |
| retina | A delicate, multilayered, light-sensitive membrane lining the inner eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain. |
| hemoglobin | A complex organic molecule containing iron that carries oxygen in the blood. |
| trachea | the tube in humans and other air-breathing vertebrates extending from the larynx to the bronchi, serving as the principal passage for conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. |
| artery | a blood vessel that conveys blood from the heart to any part of the body. |
| atrium | either of the two upper chambers on each side of the heart that receive blood from the veins and in turn force it into the ventricles. |
| alveoli | an air cell of the lungs, formed by the terminal dilation of tiny air passageways. |
| urine | The fluid produced by the kidneys, consisting of water and dissolved substances |
| aorta | the main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs. |
| platelets | function in the clotting of blood. Platelets contain no nuclei and are formed in the bone marrow |
| pulse | the regular throbbing of the arteries, caused by the successive contractions of the heart, esp. as may be felt at an artery, as at the wrist. |
| plasma | the liquid part of blood or lymph, as distinguished from the suspended elements. |
| capillary | one of the minute blood vessels between the terminations of the arteries and the beginnings of the veins. |
| ventricle | either of the two lower chambers on each side of the heart that receive blood from the atria and in turn force it into the arteries. |
| vein | one of the system of branching vessels or tubes conveying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. |
| puberty | The stage of adolescence in which an individual becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction. |
| ovulation | To produce ova; discharge eggs from the ovary. |
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