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Pharmacology Nurs101
pharmacology to help on a nursing exam for fundamentals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 | Set the standard for banning foreign substances |
| Food and Drug Cosmetic Act of 1938 | Standard for drugs.. FDA came about from this act |
| Harris-Kefauver Amendment of the 1938 Act * | Big Legislature Act that included: proof of effectiveness, stopped cheap, generic drugs, maintain purity level, and include side effects |
| Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 | Indicated certain classes of drugs were needed |
| Schedule 1 drugs | High potential for abuse ex: heroin, LSD, MJ |
| Schedule 2 drugs | Methamphetamines ex: stimulants for Central Nervous System |
| Schedule 3 drugs | Less abuse potential ex: Vicodin, Tylenol with codeine, suboxin |
| Schedule 4 drugs | Low potential for abuse ex: Xanax & Valium |
| Schedule 5 drugs | Cough syrup with codeine |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | Sets the standard for pharmacology |
| Drug Enforcement (DEA) | Works with narcotics |
| Drug Classification | Indicates the: therapeutic effect of the medication symptoms the medication relieves ex: antipyretic = decreased fever |
| Drug Nomenclature | Includes: Chemical name, Generic name, Trade/Brand Name |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of drug movement throughout the body |
| Pharmacokinetics has 4 processes | a) absorption b) distribution c) metabolism d) excretion |
| Absorption | Movement of the drug from site of administration into the bloodstream Bioavailability will be less if oral , more if IV delivery |
| Factors that influence absorption | Surface area Blood flow Route of admin |
| Enteral Administration | GI Tract, Highly variable, First Pass Effect Enteric coated, Sustained release |
| First Pass Effect | is a phenomenon of drug metabolism when the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. |
| Distribution | Movement of the drug throughout body by circulation Only if not protein bound |
| Decreased Distribution if: | Less vascular area Blood-brain barrier, Placenta membranes |
| Metabolism | Enzymatic alteration of drug structure |
| Metabolism can: | render inactive, convert to active form, increase effectiveness, promote excretion, or alter toxicity |
| Metabolism is affected by: | Age, Drugs that increase it, Mal-nutrion,Polypharmacy |
| Excretion | Elimination of drugs from the body |
| Excretion can happen in: | Kidney- most often, Intestines, Lungs, Sweat, Salivary glands, Mammary glands-least common |
| Pharmacokinetic Variables | Onset, Peak, Duration, Range, Half-life, Trough, Toxicity |
| Onset | Duration of time it takes for drug to show therapeutic effects |
| Toxicity | Degree to which the substance can be harmful |
| Pharmacodynamics | The biochemical and physiological interactions of drugs in the body |
| Mechanism of Action can include: | Receptor Interactions, Enzyme Interactions, Nonselective Interactions |
| Receptor Interactions | Very Specific: On surface of the cell to turn on= agonist to turn off= antagonist |
| Enzyme Interactions | Chemical reaction to make possible , also specific |
| Nonselective Interactions | General, not limited to a certain organism, not specific |
| Indication | why you are giving the drug? What response you expect to see? |
| Contraindication | Why would you Not give this drug? |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | Treatment of pathological conditions through the use of drugs |
| Types of Therapy can be: | Acute, Maintenance, Supplemental, Palliative, Supportive, Prophylactic |
| Acute Therapy | Right now, needed on the spot |
| Palliative Therapy | Control patients secretions |
| Prophylactic Therapy | Preventative measure |
| Monitoring would include: | Therapeutic index, Drugs concentration, Patients condition, Tolerance & Dependence |
| Tolerance | How much of a drug can be handled without significant side effects |
| Dependance | Needing a drug to maintain wellness |
| Drug Interactions | How well drugs can go together |
| Additive Effects | Combined effect, but no additional gain |
| Synergistic Effects | Increased gain = a high feeling when given together |
| Antagonistic Effects | 2+ drugs = less of an effect when given together |
| Incompatibility | DO Not Go together |
| Adverse Effects | Bad |
| Adverse Drug Reaction | Normal dose of a drug gives bad effects |
| Idiosyncratic Effects | Odd things that don't typically happen to patients that take the drug |
| Teratogenic Effects | Babies adversely affected by drugs |
| Mutagenic Effects | Genetic Mutations caused by drugs |
| Carcinogenic Effects | Drugs that Can produce cancer |
| 1st Trimester | Great time for concern b/c drugs can cross placental barrier via diffusion |
| Last Trimester | Greatest time for concern b/c it allows the greatest amount of drugs to cross the placental barrier |
| Pharmacology and Nursing | Need to understand drugs/meds and mechanism of action to provide optimal care and education |
| Legally | Nurses are Responsible for their own actions |
| Beneficence | Action done for benefit of others ex: resuscitating a drowning victim |
| Nonmalfeasance | Doctors attempt to do No harm to a patient |
| ANA Code of Ethics | Ethical & Professional standards |
| Fundamental Rule | Never administer an unfamiliar medication |
| Medication Error | Preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate use or patient harm while medication is in control of health care professional |
| Medication Errors can occur during: | Prescribing, Dispensing, Administering, and Monitoring |
| Avoid Errors | Nurses 6 rights for safe medication administration |
| Nurses 6 Rights | - Right client, Right time, Right medication,Right dose, Right route, Right documentation |
Created by:
GoingfromLatoRN
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