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Ch. 15 Atmosphere

TermDefinition
Atmosphere A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon.
Air Pressure The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface.
Troposphere The lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature decreases at a constant rate as altitude increases.
Stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere that is above the troposphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases.
Altitude The distance from the sea level.
Mesosphere The layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and thermosphere and in which temperature decrease as altitude increases.
Ions Electrically charged particles.
Ionosphere Located in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
Thermosphere The uppermost layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases.
Auroras ( northern and southern lights) In polar regions these ions radiate energy as shimmering lights.
Radiation The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves.
Thermal Condition The transfer of energy as heat through a material.
Convection The movement of matter due to differences in density; the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter.
Convection Current The cycle of warm air rising and cool air sinking in circular motion.
Greenhouse Effect The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy.
Global Warming A gradual increase in average global temperature.
Radiation Balance The balance between incoming energy and outgoing energy.
Wind The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure.
Convection Cells Air that travels in circular motion.
Pressure Belts Bands of high pressure and low pressure found about ever 30° of latitude.
Coriolis Effect The apparent curving path of a moving object due from an otherwise straight path due to the Earth's rotation.
Polar Easterlies Prevailing wind belts that extend from the poles to 60° latitude in both hemispheres.
Westerlies The wind belts found between 30° and 60° latitude in both hemisphere.
Trade Winds Winds that blow from 30° latitude. Close to the equator.
Global Winds Patterns of air circulation.
Doldrums Northern and Southern Hemispheres' trade winds meet in an area around the equator.
Horse Latitudes A 30° north and 30° south latitude, sinking air creates a place of high pressure. Winds in these areas are weak.
Jet Streams Narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
Air Pollution The contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollution from humans, factories, and natural sources.
Primary Pollutants Pollutants that are put directly into the air by human or natural activity.
Secondary Pollutants Pollutants that form when primary pollutants react with each other, or with naturally occurring substances (water vapor).
Ozone Produced when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust and the air.
Acid Precipitation
Precipitation such as rain, sleet, or snow that contains acid.
Ventilation The mixing of inside air with outside air.
Acidification A change the balance of a soil chemistry.
Acid Shock A rapid change in a body of water’s acidity.
Scrubber A device used to remove some pollutions before they are released.
Created by: Breanna.grindle
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